base48 - User contributions [en]

Small CNC

2026-09-21T07:05:35Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|name=Small CNC
|shortdesc=Small CNC machine
|image=Small-CNC.jpeg
|founder=base48
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=active
}}

== Safety ==
[[File:Cnc e-stop.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Emergency stop|none]]

* Emergency stop (E-stop) cuts power to motors, should be released only when milling is in progress

* Debris and broken tool parts my go flying from the spindle. Wear eye protection when E-stop is released!

== Operation ==

=== Milling machine ===
[[File:Cnc mill.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Milling machine|right]]Small three axis CNC machine, controlled by PC with LinuxCNC.

Good for [[PCB Milling]]!

=== Motor driver and spindle controller ===
[[File:Cnc driver.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Motor drivers, spindle control|right]]Normally set to be controlled by PC, but provides manual spindle control.

Also contains the emergency stop.

=== LinuxCNC controller ===
[[File:Cnc linuxcnc.jpg|thumb|200x200px|LinuxCNC controller|right]]PC running LinuxCNC atop RTAI kernel. Provides manual movement control and runs GCode programs.

=== Spindle cooling ===
[[File:Cnc cooling pump.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Spindle cooling pump|right]]Water needs to flow when spindle is running. Turned on/off via extension plug along with mill and controllers.

=== Tools, bits, drills ===
[[File:Cnc tool box.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tool box|right]]
[[File:Mill three bits.jpg|thumb|200x200px|V-shaped tool, 0.8 mm drill, and 3.175 cutting bit]]
There's a box with a lot of various tools. Few are going to be useful for PCB milling: a sharp cutting tool, a 0.6 mm or 0.8 mm drill and the 3.175 mm sideways drill.

Use 13 mm and 17 mm wrenches to unscrew the tool holder and replace the tool.

=== Workpiece probing ===
[[File:Cnc probe.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Probe attachment|right]]Probe triggers when there's a conductive path from it to tool/chasis ground. To use it, the workpiece needs to be isolated from tool/chasis ground and have the proble clamped to it.

== Tips & Tricks ==

=== GCode simulation/preview ===
You can verify if everything is correct by importing all files to [https://camotics.org/ Camotics] G-code simulator.

Ideally your board should start at positive X, Y coordinates with lower left corner near X0/Y0.

=== Useful GCodes ===
* '''G0 X0 Y0 F100''' -- Non-cutting move to X0 Y0 at 100mm/min, Z coordinate stays
* '''G38.2 Z-5 F30''' -- Move Z up to -5mm at 30mm/min (slowly) until probe trips

== Pictures ==
Feel free to upload pictures of your finished PCBs and add link(s) to following gallery:

<gallery widths="100" mode="nolines">
File:Milled-pcb-esp8266.jpg
File:Milled-pcb-phsensor.jpg
File:Milling pcb2 stm32f042.jpg
File:Oven.jpg
File:3020pcb.jpg
File:Hc pcb.jpg
File:Synth pcb.jpg
File:Millingatbase.jpg
File:Audiothing0.jpeg
File:Audiothing1.jpeg
File:Audiothing2.jpg
File:Mag brk.jpeg
File:RN2348PCB.JPG
File:Cpld brk.jpg
File:Amp2.jpg
</gallery>

File:Mill three bits.jpg

2026-09-21T07:03:41Z

Klubko:

CNC tools

PCB Milling

2026-09-21T06:56:11Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|founder=[[user:rmarko]]
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=operational
|shortdesc=Milling and drilling PCB's on LinuxCNC
|image=Millingatbase.jpg
}}

Tutorial for milling PCBs on the [[Small CNC]].

== Prepare the GCode ==
This part is done on your computer. The objective is to get GCode files for milling, drilling and outline cut and copy them to the controlling machine.

=== Export from KiCAD ===
Up to date versions of KiCAD provide a command line tool to conveniently export Gerber and drill files.
{{cmd|code=
kicad-cli pcb export gerbers --layers F.Cu,B.Cu,Edge.Cuts MyBoard.kicad_pcb
kicad-cli pcb export drill MyBoard.kicad_pcb
}}

=== Generate GCode ===
Use [https://github.com/pcb2gcode/pcb2gcode pcb2gcode] to produce the GCode.

Below is an example of a single-sided board drilled from the back side. It uses speeds, distances and feed rates that are known to work well with out machine and utilizes auto-leveling to compensate for deformation in clamping and the slight bent in Y-axis.

Consult pcb2gcode manual to tune details or use utilize other features of the tool such as double-sided milling or tiling.

One-sided board (called "MyBoard") drilled from back:
{{cmd|code=
kicad-cli pcb export gerbers --layers F.Cu,B.Cu,Edge.Cuts MyBoard.kicad_pcb
kicad-cli pcb export drill MyBoard.kicad_pcb

pcb2gcode \
--back=MyBoard-B_Cu.gbl \
--drill=MyBoard.drl \
--outline=MyBoard-Edge_Cuts.gm1 \
\
--drill-output=MyBoard-drill.ngc \
--front-output=MyBoard-front.ngc \
--back-output=MyBoard-back.ngc \
--outline-output=MyBoard-outline.ngc \
\
--software=linuxcnc \
--metric=true \
--metricoutput=true \
--zero-start=true \
\
--al-probe-on='(MSG, Probe on)' \
--al-probe-off='(MSG, Probe off)' \
--al-back=true \
--al-x=5 \
--al-y=5 \
--al-probefeed=50 \
\
--zchange=20.0000 \
--zsafe=2.0000 \
--extra-passes=3 \
--mill-feed=450 \
--mill-speed=24000 \
--offset=0.1500 \
--zwork=-0.1000 \
--drill-feed=250 \
--drill-side=back \
--drill-speed=12000 \
--zdrill=-3.0000 \
--bridges=0.8000 \
--bridgesnum=4 \
--cut-feed=200 \
--cut-infeed=1.0000 \
--cut-side=back \
--cut-speed=24000 \
--cutter-diameter=3.1750 \
--zbridges=-0.0500 \
--zcut=-1.7000
}}

If pcb2gcode prints warnings, look into the *.svg files generated in working directory. They will contain visual indication of what is the problem.

=== File upload ===
Upload folder to LinuxCNC machine:
{{cmd|code=
scp -r project/ base@linuxcnc.base48.cz:<your_nick>/
}}

== Machining ==
The following steps are done at the CNC milling machine.

You will be operating machine a machine that spin things very fast, moves with a lot of power and doesn't stop for meat. Avoid complacency and double-check things.

=== Safety essentials ===
* The '''big red button''' is an E-stop
* E-stop cuts power to motors when idle and in emergency
* F1 in LinuxCNC also acts as an E-stop
* Erroneous Z-axis movement or failed probe will break and eject the sharp tip of the tool
* '''Safety goggles are needed to protect eyes from flying debris'''
* Errors happen. Double-check commands and have an emergency plan!

=== Clamping ===
[[File:Mill board clamped.jpg|thumb|Clamped board. Notice the red probe clamped on a bit of PCB protruding to the side.]]
Make sure to clamp PCB blank as good as possible as it's '''critical''' for the outcome of the leveling and milling.

* Clamp PCB blank on top of piece of wood with at least 4 clamps
* Attach the RED probe crocodile clip is attached to the PCB
* Double-check the proble clip. '''The tool will break during probing if there's no contact!'''

=== Starting up ===
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Find a pair of safety goggles
* Power on the extension cord
* Make sure you hear the spindle cooling water pump operate
* Power on linuxcnc machine (the PC, reachable at linuxcnc.base48.cz)
* Power on machine controller

=== Starting CNC control ===
* Start LinuxCNC by running base_mill shortcut on the desktop
* '''Put on the safety goggles'''
* Depress the E-stop
* Enable power (F2)
* Position the machine with arrow keys to a starting point (bottom left corner of your future PCB)

=== Homing and preparing to mill ===
[[File:Mill mill bit installed.jpg|thumb|V-shaped mill bit installed]]
* Pick a V-shaped tool from the box and install it
* Home each axis of the machine, don't forget to home A axis as well
* Load mill file (e.g. ''MyBoard-back.ngc'')
* Try moving machine around displayed job to make sure it can actually reach all sides of the job without collisions
* Switch to MDI tab (F5) (all the required commands in the following section should be present in the history)
** To get to the starting point run '''G0 X0 Y0'''
** To home Z-axis use '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''

=== Milling ===
* Make sure you're wearing eye protection
* Start job with blue arrow button
* Hope for the best, abort with F1 or E-stop if stuff goes wrong
* When asked to install or remove probe, just continue. Probing will run with the V-shaped milling tool

=== Drilling ===
* [[File:Mill drill bit installed.jpg|thumb|Milling done, drill bit installed]]Load drill file (e.g. ''MyBoard-drill.ngc'')
* Install correct drill bit
* To re-establish Z height again
** Go to Manual tab (F3) and position a head outside of the milled PCB near clamp with probing wire attached so probing is possible, then few millimeters on top of the spot but don't try to make contact
** Go to MDI tab (F5) and issue probing command '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start drilling job

=== Outline ===
* Load outline file (e.g. ''MyBoard-outline.ngc'')
* Load 3.175mm endmill
* Go to manual tab a re-establish Z height again by positioning tool slightly over the board
* '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start job
[[File:Mill drilled cut vacuumed.jpg|thumb|Finished board, milled, drilled, cut and vacuumed.]]

== After milling ==
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Shut off the controller, PC and extension cord
* Vacuum the debris
* Clean your board with sandpaper and alcohol
* Use flux spray
* Leave a board on a warm place for a while
* Take pictures
* Solder components
* Profit

File:Mill drilled cut vacuumed.jpg

2026-09-21T06:55:13Z

Klubko:

Finished board

File:Mill drill bit installed.jpg

2026-09-21T06:53:33Z

Klubko:

Milling done, drill bit installed

File:Mill board clamped.jpg

2026-09-21T06:52:26Z

Klubko:

Clamped PCB

PCB Milling

2026-09-21T06:51:19Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|founder=[[user:rmarko]]
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=operational
|shortdesc=Milling and drilling PCB's on LinuxCNC
|image=Millingatbase.jpg
}}

Tutorial for milling PCBs on the [[Small CNC]].

== Prepare the GCode ==
This part is done on your computer. The objective is to get GCode files for milling, drilling and outline cut and copy them to the controlling machine.

=== Export from KiCAD ===
Up to date versions of KiCAD provide a command line tool to conveniently export Gerber and drill files.
{{cmd|code=
kicad-cli pcb export gerbers --layers F.Cu,B.Cu,Edge.Cuts MyBoard.kicad_pcb
kicad-cli pcb export drill MyBoard.kicad_pcb
}}

=== Generate GCode ===
Use [https://github.com/pcb2gcode/pcb2gcode pcb2gcode] to produce the GCode.

Below is an example of a single-sided board drilled from the back side. It uses speeds, distances and feed rates that are known to work well with out machine and utilizes auto-leveling to compensate for deformation in clamping and the slight bent in Y-axis.

Consult pcb2gcode manual to tune details or use utilize other features of the tool such as double-sided milling or tiling.

One-sided board (called "MyBoard") drilled from back:
{{cmd|code=
kicad-cli pcb export gerbers --layers F.Cu,B.Cu,Edge.Cuts MyBoard.kicad_pcb
kicad-cli pcb export drill MyBoard.kicad_pcb

pcb2gcode \
--back=MyBoard-B_Cu.gbl \
--drill=MyBoard.drl \
--outline=MyBoard-Edge_Cuts.gm1 \
\
--drill-output=MyBoard-drill.ngc \
--front-output=MyBoard-front.ngc \
--back-output=MyBoard-back.ngc \
--outline-output=MyBoard-outline.ngc \
\
--software=linuxcnc \
--metric=true \
--metricoutput=true \
--zero-start=true \
\
--al-probe-on='(MSG, Probe on)' \
--al-probe-off='(MSG, Probe off)' \
--al-back=true \
--al-x=5 \
--al-y=5 \
--al-probefeed=50 \
\
--zchange=20.0000 \
--zsafe=2.0000 \
--extra-passes=3 \
--mill-feed=450 \
--mill-speed=24000 \
--offset=0.1500 \
--zwork=-0.1000 \
--drill-feed=250 \
--drill-side=back \
--drill-speed=12000 \
--zdrill=-3.0000 \
--bridges=0.8000 \
--bridgesnum=4 \
--cut-feed=200 \
--cut-infeed=1.0000 \
--cut-side=back \
--cut-speed=24000 \
--cutter-diameter=3.1750 \
--zbridges=-0.0500 \
--zcut=-1.7000
}}

If pcb2gcode prints warnings, look into the *.svg files generated in working directory. They will contain visual indication of what is the problem.

=== File upload ===
Upload folder to LinuxCNC machine:
{{cmd|code=
scp -r project/ base@linuxcnc.base48.cz:<your_nick>/
}}

== Machining ==
The following steps are done at the CNC milling machine.

You will be operating machine a machine that spin things very fast, moves with a lot of power and doesn't stop for meat. Avoid complacency and double-check things.

=== Safety essentials ===
* The '''big red button''' is an E-stop
* E-stop cuts power to motors when idle and in emergency
* F1 in LinuxCNC also acts as an E-stop
* Erroneous Z-axis movement or failed probe will break and eject the sharp tip of the tool
* '''Safety goggles are needed to protect eyes from flying debris'''
* Errors happen. Double-check commands and have an emergency plan!

=== Clamping ===
Make sure to clamp PCB blank as good as possible as it's '''critical''' for the outcome of the leveling and milling.

* Clamp PCB blank on top of piece of wood with at least 4 clamps
* Attach the RED probe crocodile clip is attached to the PCB
* Double-check the proble clip. '''The tool will break during probing if there's no contact!'''

=== Starting up ===
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Find a pair of safety goggles
* Power on the extension cord
* Make sure you hear the spindle cooling water pump operate
* Power on linuxcnc machine (the PC, reachable at linuxcnc.base48.cz)
* Power on machine controller

=== Starting CNC control ===
* Start LinuxCNC by running base_mill shortcut on the desktop
* '''Put on the safety goggles'''
* Depress the E-stop
* Enable power (F2)
* Position the machine with arrow keys to a starting point (bottom left corner of your future PCB)

=== Homing and preparing to mill ===[[File:Mill mill bit installed.jpg|thumb|V-shaped mill bit installed]]
* Pick a V-shaped tool from the box and install it
* Home each axis of the machine, don't forget to home A axis as well
* Load mill file (e.g. ''MyBoard-back.ngc'')
* Try moving machine around displayed job to make sure it can actually reach all sides of the job without collisions
* Switch to MDI tab (F5) (all the required commands in the following section should be present in the history)
** To get to the starting point run '''G0 X0 Y0'''
** To home Z-axis use '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''

=== Milling ===
* Make sure you're wearing eye protection
* Start job with blue arrow button
* Hope for the best, abort with F1 or E-stop if stuff goes wrong
* When asked to install or remove probe, just continue. Probing will run with the V-shaped milling tool

=== Drilling ===
* Load drill file (e.g. ''MyBoard-drill.ngc'')
* Install correct drill bit
* To re-establish Z height again
** Go to Manual tab (F3) and position a head outside of the milled PCB near clamp with probing wire attached so probing is possible, then few millimeters on top of the spot but don't try to make contact
** Go to MDI tab (F5) and issue probing command '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start drilling job

=== Outline ===
* Load outline file (e.g. ''MyBoard-outline.ngc'')
* Load 3.175mm endmill
* Go to manual tab a re-establish Z height again by positioning tool slightly over the board
* '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start job

== After milling ==
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Shut off the controller, PC and extension cord
* Vacuum the debris
* Clean your board with sandpaper and alcohol
* Use flux spray
* Leave a board on a warm place for a while
* Take pictures
* Solder components
* Profit

PCB Milling

2026-09-21T06:47:33Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|founder=[[user:rmarko]]
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=operational
|shortdesc=Milling and drilling PCB's on LinuxCNC
|image=Millingatbase.jpg
}}

Tutorial for milling PCBs on the [[Small CNC]].

== Prepare the GCode ==
This part is done on your computer. The objective is to get GCode files for milling, drilling and outline cut and copy them to the controlling machine.

=== Export from KiCAD ===
Up to date versions of KiCAD provide a command line tool to conveniently export Gerber and drill files.
{{cmd|code=
kicad-cli pcb export gerbers --layers F.Cu,B.Cu,Edge.Cuts MyBoard.kicad_pcb
kicad-cli pcb export drill MyBoard.kicad_pcb
}}

=== Generate GCode ===
Use [https://github.com/pcb2gcode/pcb2gcode pcb2gcode] to produce the GCode.

Below is an example of a single-sided board drilled from the back side. It uses speeds, distances and feed rates that are known to work well with out machine and utilizes auto-leveling to compensate for deformation in clamping and the slight bent in Y-axis.

Consult pcb2gcode manual to tune details or use utilize other features of the tool such as double-sided milling or tiling.

One-sided board (called "MyBoard") drilled from back:
{{cmd|code=
kicad-cli pcb export gerbers --layers F.Cu,B.Cu,Edge.Cuts MyBoard.kicad_pcb
kicad-cli pcb export drill MyBoard.kicad_pcb

pcb2gcode \
--back=MyBoard-B_Cu.gbl \
--drill=MyBoard.drl \
--outline=MyBoard-Edge_Cuts.gm1 \
\
--drill-output=MyBoard-drill.ngc \
--front-output=MyBoard-front.ngc \
--back-output=MyBoard-back.ngc \
--outline-output=MyBoard-outline.ngc \
\
--software=linuxcnc \
--metric=true \
--metricoutput=true \
--zero-start=true \
\
--al-probe-on='(MSG, Probe on)' \
--al-probe-off='(MSG, Probe off)' \
--al-back=true \
--al-x=5 \
--al-y=5 \
--al-probefeed=50 \
\
--zchange=20.0000 \
--zsafe=2.0000 \
--extra-passes=3 \
--mill-feed=450 \
--mill-speed=24000 \
--offset=0.1500 \
--zwork=-0.1000 \
--drill-feed=250 \
--drill-side=back \
--drill-speed=12000 \
--zdrill=-3.0000 \
--bridges=0.8000 \
--bridgesnum=4 \
--cut-feed=200 \
--cut-infeed=1.0000 \
--cut-side=back \
--cut-speed=24000 \
--cutter-diameter=3.1750 \
--zbridges=-0.0500 \
--zcut=-1.7000
}}

If pcb2gcode prints warnings, look into the *.svg files generated in working directory. They will contain visual indication of what is the problem.

=== File upload ===
Upload folder to LinuxCNC machine:
{{cmd|code=
scp -r project/ base@linuxcnc.base48.cz:<your_nick>/
}}

== Machining ==
The following steps are done at the CNC milling machine.

You will be operating machine a machine that spin things very fast, moves with a lot of power and doesn't stop for meat. Avoid complacency and double-check things.

=== Safety essentials ===
* The '''big red button''' is an E-stop
* E-stop cuts power to motors when idle and in emergency
* F1 in LinuxCNC also acts as an E-stop
* Erroneous Z-axis movement or failed probe will break and eject the sharp tip of the tool
* '''Safety goggles are needed to protect eyes from flying debris'''
* Errors happen. Double-check commands and have an emergency plan!

=== Clamping ===
Make sure to clamp PCB blank as good as possible as it's '''critical''' for the outcome of the leveling and milling.

* Clamp PCB blank on top of piece of wood with at least 4 clamps
* Attach the RED probe crocodile clip is attached to the PCB
* Double-check the proble clip. '''The tool will break during probing if there's no contact!'''

=== Starting up ===
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Find a pair of safety goggles
* Power on the extension cord
* Make sure you hear the spindle cooling water pump operate
* Power on linuxcnc machine (the PC, reachable at linuxcnc.base48.cz)
* Power on machine controller

=== Starting CNC control ===
* Start LinuxCNC by running base_mill shortcut on the desktop
* '''Put on the safety goggles'''
* Depress the E-stop
* Enable power (F2)
* Position the machine with arrow keys to a starting point (bottom left corner of your future PCB)

=== Homing and preparing to mill ===
[[File:Mill mill bit installed.jpg|thumb|V-shaped mill bit installed]]
* Pick a V-shaped tool from the box and install it
* Home each axis of the machine, don't forget to home A axis as well
* Load mill file (e.g. ''MyBoard-back.ngc'')
* Try moving machine around displayed job to make sure it can actually reach all sides of the job without collisions
* Switch to MDI tab (F5) (all the required commands in the following section should be present in the history)
** To get to the starting point run '''G0 X0 Y0'''
** To home Z-axis use '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''

=== Milling ===
* Make sure you're wearing eye protection
* Start job with blue arrow button
* Hope for the best, abort with F1 or E-stop if stuff goes wrong
* When asked to install or remove probe, just continue. Probing will run with the V-shaped milling tool

=== Drilling ===
* Load drill file (e.g. ''MyBoard-drill.ngc'')
* Install correct drill bit
* To re-establish Z height again
** Go to Manual tab (F3) and position a head outside of the milled PCB near clamp with probing wire attached so probing is possible, then few millimeters on top of the spot but don't try to make contact
** Go to MDI tab (F5) and issue probing command '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start drilling job

=== Outline ===
* Load outline file (e.g. ''MyBoard-outline.ngc'')
* Load 3.175mm endmill
* Go to manual tab a re-establish Z height again by positioning tool slightly over the board
* '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start job

== After milling ==
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Shut off the controller, PC and extension cord
* Vacuum the debris
* Clean your board with sandpaper and alcohol
* Use flux spray
* Leave a board on a warm place for a while
* Take pictures
* Solder components
* Profit

File:Mill mill bit installed.jpg

2026-09-21T06:44:51Z

Klubko: Klubko uploaded a new version of File:Mill mill bit installed.jpg

Milling bit installed

File:Mill mill bit installed.jpg

2026-09-21T06:40:21Z

Klubko:

Milling bit installed

Small CNC

2026-09-21T06:36:39Z

Klubko: /* Safety */

{{Project
|name=Small CNC
|shortdesc=Small CNC machine
|image=Small-CNC.jpeg
|founder=base48
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=active
}}

== Safety ==
[[File:Cnc e-stop.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Emergency stop|none]]

* Emergency stop (E-stop) cuts power to motors, should be released only when milling is in progress

* Debris and broken tool parts my go flying from the spindle. Wear eye protection when E-stop is released!

== Operation ==

=== Milling machine ===
[[File:Cnc mill.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Milling machine|right]]Small three axis CNC machine, controlled by PC with LinuxCNC.

Good for [[PCB Milling]]!

=== Motor driver and spindle controller ===
[[File:Cnc driver.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Motor drivers, spindle control|right]]Normally set to be controlled by PC, but provides manual spindle control.

Also contains the emergency stop.

=== LinuxCNC controller ===
[[File:Cnc linuxcnc.jpg|thumb|200x200px|LinuxCNC controller|right]]PC running LinuxCNC atop RTAI kernel. Provides manual movement control and runs GCode programs.

=== Spindle cooling ===
[[File:Cnc cooling pump.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Spindle cooling pump|right]]Water needs to flow when spindle is running. Turned on/off via extension plug along with mill and controllers.

=== Tools, bits, drills ===
[[File:Cnc tool box.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tool box|right]]There's a box with a lot of various tools. Few are going to be useful for PCB milling: a sharp cutting tool, a 0.6 mm or 0.8 mm drill and the 3.175 mm sideways drill.

Use 13 mm and 17 mm wrenches to unscrew the tool holder and replace the tool.

=== Workpiece probing ===
[[File:Cnc probe.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Probe attachment|right]]Probe triggers when there's a conductive path from it to tool/chasis ground. To use it, the workpiece needs to be isolated from tool/chasis ground and have the proble clamped to it.

== Tips & Tricks ==

=== GCode simulation/preview ===
You can verify if everything is correct by importing all files to [https://camotics.org/ Camotics] G-code simulator.

Ideally your board should start at positive X, Y coordinates with lower left corner near X0/Y0.

=== Useful GCodes ===
* '''G0 X0 Y0 F100''' -- Non-cutting move to X0 Y0 at 100mm/min, Z coordinate stays
* '''G38.2 Z-5 F30''' -- Move Z up to -5mm at 30mm/min (slowly) until probe trips

== Pictures ==
Feel free to upload pictures of your finished PCBs and add link(s) to following gallery:

<gallery widths="100" mode="nolines">
File:Milled-pcb-esp8266.jpg
File:Milled-pcb-phsensor.jpg
File:Milling pcb2 stm32f042.jpg
File:Oven.jpg
File:3020pcb.jpg
File:Hc pcb.jpg
File:Synth pcb.jpg
File:Millingatbase.jpg
File:Audiothing0.jpeg
File:Audiothing1.jpeg
File:Audiothing2.jpg
File:Mag brk.jpeg
File:RN2348PCB.JPG
File:Cpld brk.jpg
File:Amp2.jpg
</gallery>

Small CNC

2026-09-21T06:35:56Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|name=Small CNC
|shortdesc=Small CNC machine
|image=Small-CNC.jpeg
|founder=base48
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=active
}}

== Safety ==
[[File:Cnc e-stop.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Emergency stop|none]]

* Emergency stop (E-stop) cuts power to motors, should be released only when milling is in progress

* Debris and broken tool parts my go flying from the spindle. Wear eye protection when E-stop is released!

== Operation ==

=== Milling machine ===
[[File:Cnc mill.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Milling machine|right]]Small three axis CNC machine, controlled by PC with LinuxCNC.

Good for [[PCB Milling]]!

=== Motor driver and spindle controller ===
[[File:Cnc driver.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Motor drivers, spindle control|right]]Normally set to be controlled by PC, but provides manual spindle control.

Also contains the emergency stop.

=== LinuxCNC controller ===
[[File:Cnc linuxcnc.jpg|thumb|200x200px|LinuxCNC controller|right]]PC running LinuxCNC atop RTAI kernel. Provides manual movement control and runs GCode programs.

=== Spindle cooling ===
[[File:Cnc cooling pump.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Spindle cooling pump|right]]Water needs to flow when spindle is running. Turned on/off via extension plug along with mill and controllers.

=== Tools, bits, drills ===
[[File:Cnc tool box.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tool box|right]]There's a box with a lot of various tools. Few are going to be useful for PCB milling: a sharp cutting tool, a 0.6 mm or 0.8 mm drill and the 3.175 mm sideways drill.

Use 13 mm and 17 mm wrenches to unscrew the tool holder and replace the tool.

=== Workpiece probing ===
[[File:Cnc probe.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Probe attachment|right]]Probe triggers when there's a conductive path from it to tool/chasis ground. To use it, the workpiece needs to be isolated from tool/chasis ground and have the proble clamped to it.

== Tips & Tricks ==

=== GCode simulation/preview ===
You can verify if everything is correct by importing all files to [https://camotics.org/ Camotics] G-code simulator.

Ideally your board should start at positive X, Y coordinates with lower left corner near X0/Y0.

=== Useful GCodes ===
* '''G0 X0 Y0 F100''' -- Non-cutting move to X0 Y0 at 100mm/min, Z coordinate stays
* '''G38.2 Z-5 F30''' -- Move Z up to -5mm at 30mm/min (slowly) until probe trips

== Pictures ==
Feel free to upload pictures of your finished PCBs and add link(s) to following gallery:

<gallery widths="100" mode="nolines">
File:Milled-pcb-esp8266.jpg
File:Milled-pcb-phsensor.jpg
File:Milling pcb2 stm32f042.jpg
File:Oven.jpg
File:3020pcb.jpg
File:Hc pcb.jpg
File:Synth pcb.jpg
File:Millingatbase.jpg
File:Audiothing0.jpeg
File:Audiothing1.jpeg
File:Audiothing2.jpg
File:Mag brk.jpeg
File:RN2348PCB.JPG
File:Cpld brk.jpg
File:Amp2.jpg
</gallery>

Small CNC

2026-09-21T06:35:07Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|name=Small CNC
|shortdesc=Small CNC machine
|image=Small-CNC.jpeg
|founder=base48
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=active
}}

== Safety ==
[[File:Cnc e-stop.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Emergency stop|none]]* Emergency stop (E-stop) cuts power to motors, should be released only when milling is in progress
* Debris and broken tool parts my go flying from the spindle. Wear eye protection when E-stop is released!

== Operation ==

=== Milling machine ===
[[File:Cnc mill.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Milling machine|right]]Small three axis CNC machine, controlled by PC with LinuxCNC.

Good for [[PCB Milling]]!

=== Motor driver and spindle controller ===
[[File:Cnc driver.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Motor drivers, spindle control|right]]Normally set to be controlled by PC, but provides manual spindle control.

Also contains the emergency stop.

=== LinuxCNC controller ===
[[File:Cnc linuxcnc.jpg|thumb|200x200px|LinuxCNC controller|right]]PC running LinuxCNC atop RTAI kernel. Provides manual movement control and runs GCode programs.

=== Spindle cooling ===
[[File:Cnc cooling pump.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Spindle cooling pump|right]]Water needs to flow when spindle is running. Turned on/off via extension plug along with mill and controllers.

=== Tools, bits, drills ===
[[File:Cnc tool box.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tool box|right]]There's a box with a lot of various tools. Few are going to be useful for PCB milling: a sharp cutting tool, a 0.6 mm or 0.8 mm drill and the 3.175 mm sideways drill.

Use 13 mm and 17 mm wrenches to unscrew the tool holder and replace the tool.

=== Workpiece probing ===
[[File:Cnc probe.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Probe attachment|right]]Probe triggers when there's a conductive path from it to tool/chasis ground. To use it, the workpiece needs to be isolated from tool/chasis ground and have the proble clamped to it.

== Tips & Tricks ==

=== GCode simulation/preview ===
You can verify if everything is correct by importing all files to [https://camotics.org/ Camotics] G-code simulator.

Ideally your board should start at positive X, Y coordinates with lower left corner near X0/Y0.

=== Useful GCodes ===
* '''G0 X0 Y0 F100''' -- Non-cutting move to X0 Y0 at 100mm/min, Z coordinate stays
* '''G38.2 Z-5 F30''' -- Move Z up to -5mm at 30mm/min (slowly) until probe trips

== Pictures ==
Feel free to upload pictures of your finished PCBs and add link(s) to following gallery:

<gallery widths="100" mode="nolines">
File:Milled-pcb-esp8266.jpg
File:Milled-pcb-phsensor.jpg
File:Milling pcb2 stm32f042.jpg
File:Oven.jpg
File:3020pcb.jpg
File:Hc pcb.jpg
File:Synth pcb.jpg
File:Millingatbase.jpg
File:Audiothing0.jpeg
File:Audiothing1.jpeg
File:Audiothing2.jpg
File:Mag brk.jpeg
File:RN2348PCB.JPG
File:Cpld brk.jpg
File:Amp2.jpg
</gallery>

File:Cnc tool box.jpg

2026-09-21T05:58:29Z

Klubko:

Box with CNC bits, drills.

File:Cnc probe.jpg

2026-09-21T05:57:42Z

Klubko:

Material probe

File:Cnc linuxcnc.jpg

2026-09-21T05:56:54Z

Klubko:

LinuxCNC PC

File:Cnc e-stop.jpg

2026-09-21T05:56:05Z

Klubko:

Emergency stop

File:Cnc cooling pump.jpg

2026-09-21T05:51:19Z

Klubko:

Water pump for spindle cooling

File:Cnc driver.jpg

2026-09-21T05:48:59Z

Klubko:

Small CNC motor driver

File:Cnc mill.jpg

2026-09-21T05:47:18Z

Klubko:

Small CNC mill

PCB Milling

2026-09-17T14:43:29Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|founder=[[user:rmarko]]
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=operational
|shortdesc=Milling and drilling PCB's on LinuxCNC
|image=Millingatbase.jpg
}}

Tutorial for milling PCBs on the [[Small CNC]].

== Prepare the GCode ==
This part is done on your computer. The objective is to get GCode files for milling, drilling and outline cut and copy them to the controlling machine.

=== Export from KiCAD ===
Up to date versions of KiCAD provide a command line tool to conveniently export Gerber and drill files.
{{cmd|code=
kicad-cli pcb export gerbers --layers F.Cu,B.Cu,Edge.Cuts MyBoard.kicad_pcb
kicad-cli pcb export drill MyBoard.kicad_pcb
}}

=== Generate GCode ===
Use [https://github.com/pcb2gcode/pcb2gcode pcb2gcode] to produce the GCode.

Below is an example of a single-sided board drilled from the back side. It uses speeds, distances and feed rates that are known to work well with out machine and utilizes auto-leveling to compensate for deformation in clamping and the slight bent in Y-axis.

Consult pcb2gcode manual to tune details or use utilize other features of the tool such as double-sided milling or tiling.

One-sided board (called "MyBoard") drilled from back:
{{cmd|code=
kicad-cli pcb export gerbers --layers F.Cu,B.Cu,Edge.Cuts MyBoard.kicad_pcb
kicad-cli pcb export drill MyBoard.kicad_pcb

pcb2gcode \
--back=MyBoard-B_Cu.gbl \
--drill=MyBoard.drl \
--outline=MyBoard-Edge_Cuts.gm1 \
\
--drill-output=MyBoard-drill.ngc \
--front-output=MyBoard-front.ngc \
--back-output=MyBoard-back.ngc \
--outline-output=MyBoard-outline.ngc \
\
--software=linuxcnc \
--metric=true \
--metricoutput=true \
--zero-start=true \
\
--al-probe-on='(MSG, Probe on)' \
--al-probe-off='(MSG, Probe off)' \
--al-back=true \
--al-x=5 \
--al-y=5 \
--al-probefeed=50 \
\
--zchange=20.0000 \
--zsafe=2.0000 \
--extra-passes=3 \
--mill-feed=450 \
--mill-speed=24000 \
--offset=0.1500 \
--zwork=-0.1000 \
--drill-feed=250 \
--drill-side=back \
--drill-speed=12000 \
--zdrill=-3.0000 \
--bridges=0.8000 \
--bridgesnum=4 \
--cut-feed=200 \
--cut-infeed=1.0000 \
--cut-side=back \
--cut-speed=24000 \
--cutter-diameter=3.1750 \
--zbridges=-0.0500 \
--zcut=-1.7000
}}

If pcb2gcode prints warnings, look into the *.svg files generated in working directory. They will contain visual indication of what is the problem.

=== File upload ===
Upload folder to LinuxCNC machine:
{{cmd|code=
scp -r project/ base@linuxcnc.base48.cz:<your_nick>/
}}

== Machining ==
The following steps are done at the CNC milling machine.

You will be operating machine a machine that spin things very fast, moves with a lot of power and doesn't stop for meat. Avoid complacency and double-check things.

=== Safety essentials ===
* The '''big red button''' is an E-stop
* E-stop cuts power to motors when idle and in emergency
* F1 in LinuxCNC also acts as an E-stop
* Erroneous Z-axis movement or failed probe will break and eject the sharp tip of the tool
* '''Safety goggles are needed to protect eyes from flying debris'''
* Errors happen. Double-check commands and have an emergency plan!

=== Clamping ===
Make sure to clamp PCB blank as good as possible as it's '''critical''' for the outcome of the leveling and milling.

* Clamp PCB blank on top of piece of wood with at least 4 clamps
* Attach the RED probe crocodile clip is attached to the PCB
* Double-check the proble clip. '''The tool will break during probing if there's no contact!'''

=== Starting up ===
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Find a pair of safety goggles
* Power on the extension cord
* Make sure you hear the spindle cooling water pump operate
* Power on linuxcnc machine (the PC, reachable at linuxcnc.base48.cz)
* Power on machine controller

=== Starting CNC control ===
* Start LinuxCNC by running base_mill shortcut on the desktop
* '''Put on the safety goggles'''
* Depress the E-stop
* Enable power (F2)
* Position the machine with arrow keys to a starting point (bottom left corner of your future PCB)

=== Homing and preparing to mill ===
* Pick a V-shaped tool from the box and install it
* Home each axis of the machine, don't forget to home A axis as well
* Load mill file (e.g. ''MyBoard-back.ngc'')
* Try moving machine around displayed job to make sure it can actually reach all sides of the job without collisions
* Switch to MDI tab (F5) (all the required commands in the following section should be present in the history)
** To get to the starting point run '''G0 X0 Y0'''
** To home Z-axis use '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''

=== Milling ===
* Make sure you're wearing eye protection
* Start job with blue arrow button
* Hope for the best, abort with F1 or E-stop if stuff goes wrong
* When asked to install or remove probe, just continue. Probing will run with the V-shaped milling tool

=== Drilling ===
* Load drill file (e.g. ''MyBoard-drill.ngc'')
* Install correct drill bit
* To re-establish Z height again
** Go to Manual tab (F3) and position a head outside of the milled PCB near clamp with probing wire attached so probing is possible, then few millimeters on top of the spot but don't try to make contact
** Go to MDI tab (F5) and issue probing command '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start drilling job

=== Outline ===
* Load outline file (e.g. ''MyBoard-outline.ngc'')
* Load 3.175mm endmill
* Go to manual tab a re-establish Z height again by positioning tool slightly over the board
* '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start job

== After milling ==
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Shut off the controller, PC and extension cord
* Vacuum the debris
* Clean your board with sandpaper and alcohol
* Use flux spray
* Leave a board on a warm place for a while
* Take pictures
* Solder components
* Profit

Small CNC

2026-09-15T14:07:53Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|name=Small CNC
|shortdesc=Small CNC machine
|image=Small-CNC.jpeg
|founder=base48
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=active
}}

Small CNC machine, good for [[PCB Milling]].

== Safety ==

* Emergency stop (E-stop) cuts power to motors, should be released only when milling is in progress
* Debris and broken tool parts my go flying from the spindle. Wear eye protection when E-stop is released!

== Parameters and Operation ==

* Three axes
* Controlled by PC with LinuxCNC
* Water cooled spindle

== Tips & Tricks ==

=== GCode simulation/preview ===
You can verify if everything is correct by importing all files to [https://camotics.org/ Camotics] G-code simulator.

Ideally your board should start at positive X, Y coordinates with lower left corner near X0/Y0.

=== Useful GCodes ===
* '''G0 X0 Y0 F100''' -- Non-cutting move to X0 Y0 at 100mm/min, Z coordinate stays
* '''G38.2 Z-5 F30''' -- Move Z up to -5mm at 30mm/min (slowly) until probe trips

== Pictures ==
Feel free to upload pictures of your finished PCBs and add link(s) to following gallery:

<gallery widths=200>
File:Milled-pcb-esp8266.jpg
File:Milled-pcb-phsensor.jpg
File:Milling_pcb2_stm32f042.jpg
File:Oven.jpg
File:3020pcb.jpg
File:Hc pcb.jpg
File:Synth pcb.jpg
File:Millingatbase.jpg
File:Audiothing0.jpeg
File:Audiothing1.jpeg
File:Audiothing2.jpg
File:Mag brk.jpeg
File:RN2348PCB.JPG
File:Cpld brk.jpg
File:Amp2.jpg
</gallery>

PCB Milling

2026-09-15T14:00:53Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|founder=[[user:rmarko]]
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=operational
|shortdesc=Milling and drilling PCB's on LinuxCNC
|image=Millingatbase.jpg
}}

Tutorial for milling PCBs on the [[Small CNC]].

== Prepare the GCode ==
This part is done on your computer. The objective is to get GCode files for milling, drilling and outline cut and copy them to the controlling machine.

=== Export from KiCAD ===
Up to date versions of KiCAD provide a command line tool to conveniently export Gerber and drill files.
{{cmd|code=
kicad-cli pcb export gerbers --layers F.Cu,B.Cu,Edge.Cuts MyBoard.kicad_pcb
kicad-cli pcb export drill MyBoard.kicad_pcb
}}

=== Generate GCode ===
Use [https://github.com/pcb2gcode/pcb2gcode pcb2gcode] to produce the GCode.

Below is an example of a single-sided board drilled from the back side. It uses speeds, distances and feed rates that are known to work well with out machine and utilizes auto-leveling to compensate for deformation in clamping and the slight bent in Y-axis.

Consult pcb2gcode manual to tune details or use utilize other features of the tool such as double-sided milling or tiling.

One-sided board (called "MyBoard") drilled from back:
{{cmd|code=
pcb2gcode \
--back=MyBoard-B_Cu.gbl \
--drill=MyBoard.drl \
--outline=MyBoard-Edge_Cuts.gm1 \
\
--drill-output=MyBoard-drill.ngc \
--front-output=MyBoard-front.ngc \
--back-output=MyBoard-back.ngc \
--outline-output=MyBoard-outline.ngc \
\
--software=linuxcnc \
--metric=true \
--metricoutput=true \
\
--al-back=true \
--al-x=5 \
--al-y=5 \
--al-probefeed=50 \
\
--zchange=20.0000 \
--zsafe=2.0000 \
--extra-passes=3 \
--mill-feed=450 \
--mill-speed=24000 \
--offset=0.1500 \
--zwork=-0.0900 \
--drill-feed=250 \
--drill-side=back \
--drill-speed=12000 \
--zdrill=-3.0000 \
--bridges=0.8000 \
--bridgesnum=4 \
--cut-feed=200 \
--cut-infeed=1.0000 \
--cut-side=back \
--cut-speed=24000 \
--cutter-diameter=3.1750 \
--zbridges=-0.0500 \
--zcut=-1.7000
}}

If pcb2gcode prints warnings, look into the *.svg files generated in working directory. They will contain visual indication of what is the problem.

=== File upload ===
Upload folder to LinuxCNC machine:
{{cmd|code=
scp -r project/ base@linuxcnc.base48.cz:<your_nick>/
}}

== Machining ==
The following steps are done at the CNC milling machine.

You will be operating machine a machine that spin things very fast, moves with a lot of power and doesn't stop for meat. Avoid complacency and double-check things.

=== Safety essentials ===
* The '''big red button''' is an E-stop
* E-stop cuts power to motors when idle and in emergency
* F1 in LinuxCNC also acts as an E-stop
* Erroneous Z-axis movement or failed probe will break and eject the sharp tip of the tool
* '''Safety goggles are needed to protect eyes from flying debris'''
* Errors happen. Double-check commands and have an emergency plan!

=== Clamping ===
Make sure to clamp PCB blank as good as possible as it's '''critical''' for the outcome of the leveling and milling.

* Clamp PCB blank on top of piece of wood with at least 4 clamps
* Attach the RED probe crocodile clip is attached to the PCB
* Double-check the proble clip. '''The tool will break during probing if there's no contact!'''

=== Starting up ===
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Find a pair of safety goggles
* Power on the extension cord
* Make sure you hear the spindle cooling water pump operate
* Power on linuxcnc machine (the PC, reachable at linuxcnc.base48.cz)
* Power on machine controller

=== Starting CNC control ===
* Start LinuxCNC by running base_mill shortcut on the desktop
* '''Put on the safety goggles'''
* Depress the E-stop
* Enable power (F2)
* Position the machine with arrow keys to a starting point (bottom left corner of your future PCB)

=== Homing and preparing to mill ===
* Pick a V-shaped tool from the box and install it
* Home each axis of the machine, don't forget to home A axis as well
* Load mill file (e.g. ''MyBoard-back.ngc'')
* Try moving machine around displayed job to make sure it can actually reach all sides of the job without collisions
* Switch to MDI tab (F5) (all the required commands in the following section should be present in the history)
** To get to the starting point run '''G0 X0 Y0'''
** To home Z-axis use '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''

=== Milling ===
* Make sure you're wearing eye protection
* Start job with blue arrow button
* Hope for the best, abort with F1 or E-stop if stuff goes wrong
* When asked to install or remove probe, just continue. Probing will run with the V-shaped milling tool

=== Drilling ===
* Load drill file (e.g. ''MyBoard-drill.ngc'')
* Install correct drill bit
* To re-establish Z height again
** Go to Manual tab (F3) and position a head outside of the milled PCB near clamp with probing wire attached so probing is possible, then few millimeters on top of the spot but don't try to make contact
** Go to MDI tab (F5) and issue probing command '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start drilling job

=== Outline ===
* Load outline file (e.g. ''MyBoard-outline.ngc'')
* Load 3.175mm endmill
* Go to manual tab a re-establish Z height again by positioning tool slightly over the board
* '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start job

== After milling ==
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Shut off the controller, PC and extension cord
* Vacuum the debris
* Clean your board with sandpaper and alcohol
* Use flux spray
* Leave a board on a warm place for a while
* Take pictures
* Solder components
* Profit

PCB Milling

2026-09-15T13:58:50Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|founder=[[user:rmarko]]
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=operational
|shortdesc=Milling and drilling PCB's on LinuxCNC
|image=Millingatbase.jpg
}}

Tutorial for milling PCBs on the [[Small CNC]].

== Prepare the GCode ==
This part is done on your computer. The objective is to get GCode files for milling, drilling and outline cut and copy them to the controlling machine.

=== Export from KiCAD ===
Up to date versions of KiCAD provide a command line tool to conveniently export Gerber and drill files.
{{cmd|code=
kicad-cli pcb export gerbers --layers F.Cu,B.Cu,Edge.Cuts MyBoard.kicad_pcb
kicad-cli pcb export drill MyBoard.kicad_pcb
}}

=== Generate GCode ===
Use [https://github.com/pcb2gcode/pcb2gcode pcb2gcode] to produce the GCode.

Below is an example of a single-sided board drilled from the back side. It uses speeds, distances and feed rates that are known to work well with out machine and utilizes auto-leveling to compensate for deformation in clamping and the slight bent in Y-axis.

Consult pcb2gcode manual to tune details or use utilize other features of the tool such as double-sided milling or tiling.

One-sided board (called "MyBoard") drilled from back:
{{cmd|code=
pcb2gcode \
--back=MyBoard-B_Cu.gbl \
--drill=MyBoard.drl \
--outline=MyBoard-Edge_Cuts.gm1 \
\
--drill-output=MyBoard-drill.ngc \
--front-output=MyBoard-front.ngc \
--back-output=MyBoard-back.ngc \
--outline-output=MyBoard-outline.ngc \
\
--software=linuxcnc \
--metric=true \
--metricoutput=true \
\
--al-back=true \
--al-x=5 \
--al-y=5 \
--al-probefeed=50 \
\
--zchange=20.0000 \
--zsafe=2.0000 \
--extra-passes=3 \
--mill-feed=450 \
--mill-speed=24000 \
--offset=0.1500 \
--zwork=-0.0900 \
--drill-feed=250 \
--drill-side=back \
--drill-speed=12000 \
--zdrill=-3.0000 \
--bridges=0.8000 \
--bridgesnum=4 \
--cut-feed=200 \
--cut-infeed=1.0000 \
--cut-side=back \
--cut-speed=24000 \
--cutter-diameter=3.1750 \
--zbridges=-0.0500 \
--zcut=-1.7000
}}

If pcb2gcode prints warnings, look into the *.svg files generated in working directory. They will contain visual indication of what is the problem.

=== File upload ===
Upload folder to LinuxCNC machine:
{{cmd|code=
scp -r project/ base@linuxcnc.base48.cz:<your_nick>/
}}

== Machining ==
The following steps are done at the CNC milling machine.

You will be operating machine a machine that spin things very fast, moves with a lot of power and doesn't stop for meat. Avoid complacency and double-check things.

=== Safety essentials ===
* The '''big red button''' is an E-stop
* E-stop cuts power to motors when idle and in emergency
* F1 in LinuxCNC also acts as an E-stop
* Erroneous Z-axis movement or failed probe will break and eject the sharp tip of the tool
* '''Safety goggles are needed to protect eyes from flying debris'''
* Errors happen. Double-check commands and have an emergency plan!

=== Clamping ===
Make sure to clamp PCB blank as good as possible as it's '''critical''' for the outcome of the leveling and milling.

* Clamp PCB blank on top of piece of wood with at least 4 clamps
* Attach the RED probe crocodile clip is attached to the PCB
* Double-check the proble clip. '''The tool will break during probing if there's no contact!'''

=== Starting up ===
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Find a pair of safety goggles
* Power on the extension cord
* Make sure you hear the spindle cooling water pump operate
* Power on linuxcnc machine (the PC, reachable at linuxcnc.base48.cz)
* Power on machine controller

=== Starting CNC control ===
* Start LinuxCNC by running base_mill shortcut on the desktop
* '''Put on the safety goggles'''
* Depress the E-stop
* Enable power (F2)
* Position the machine with arrow keys to a starting point (bottom left corner of your future PCB)

=== Homing and preparing to mill ===
* Pick a V-shaped tool from the box and install it
* Home each axis of the machine, don't forget to home A axis as well
* Load F.Cu or B.Cu G-code file
* Try moving machine around displayed job to make sure it can actually reach all sides of the job without collisions
* Switch to MDI tab (F5) (all the required commands in the following section should be present in the history)
** To get to the starting point run '''G0 X0 Y0'''
** To home Z-axis use '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''

=== Milling ===
* Make sure you're wearing eye protection
* Start job with blue arrow button
* Hope for the best, abort with F1 or E-stop if stuff goes wrong
* When asked to install or remove probe, just continue. Probing will run with the V-shaped milling tool

=== Drilling ===
* Load drill file (e.g. ''drill_post.ngc'')
* Install correct drill bit
* To re-establish Z height again
** Go to Manual tab (F3) and position a head outside of the milled PCB near clamp with probing wire attached so probing is possible, then few millimeters on top of the spot but don't try to make contact
** Go to MDI tab (F5) and issue probing command '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start drilling job

=== Outline ===
* Load outline file (e.g. ''outline_post.ngc'')
* Load 3.175mm endmill
* Go to manual tab a re-establish Z height again by positioning tool slightly over the board
* '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start job

== After milling ==
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Shut off the controller, PC and extension cord
* Vacuum the debris
* Clean your board with sandpaper and alcohol
* Use flux spray
* Leave a board on a warm place for a while
* Take pictures
* Solder components
* Profit

Small CNC

2026-09-15T13:57:55Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|name=Small CNC
|shortdesc=Small CNC machine
|image=Small-CNC.jpeg
|founder=base48
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=active
}}

Small CNC machine, good for [[PCB Milling]].

== Safety ==

* Emergency stop (E-stop) cuts power to motors, should be released only when milling is in progress
* Debris and broken tool parts my go flying from the spindle. Wear eye protection when E-stop is released!

== Parameters and Operation ==

* Three axis
* Controlled by PC with LinuxCNC
* Water cooled spindle

== Useful GCodes ==

* '''G0 X0 Y0 F100''' -- Non-cutting move to X0 Y0 at 100mm/min, Z coordinate stays
* '''G38.2 Z-5 F30''' -- Move Z up to -5mm at 30mm/min (slowly) until probe trips

== Pictures ==
Feel free to upload pictures of your finished PCBs and add link(s) to following gallery:

<gallery widths=200>
File:Milled-pcb-esp8266.jpg
File:Milled-pcb-phsensor.jpg
File:Milling_pcb2_stm32f042.jpg
File:Oven.jpg
File:3020pcb.jpg
File:Hc pcb.jpg
File:Synth pcb.jpg
File:Millingatbase.jpg
File:Audiothing0.jpeg
File:Audiothing1.jpeg
File:Audiothing2.jpg
File:Mag brk.jpeg
File:RN2348PCB.JPG
File:Cpld brk.jpg
File:Amp2.jpg
</gallery>

PCB Milling

2026-09-15T13:50:20Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|founder=[[user:rmarko]]
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=operational
|shortdesc=Milling and drilling PCB's on LinuxCNC
|image=Millingatbase.jpg
}}

Tutorial for milling PCBs on the [[Small CNC]].

== Prepare the GCode ==
This part is done on your computer. The objective is to get GCode files for milling, drilling and outline cut and copy them to the controlling machine.

=== Export from KiCAD ===
Up to date versions of KiCAD provide a command line tool to conveniently export Gerber and drill files.

{{cmd|code=
kicad-cli pcb export gerbers --layers F.Cu,B.Cu,Edge.Cuts MyBoard.kicad_pcb
kicad-cli pcb export drill MyBoard.kicad_pcb
}}

=== Generate GCode ===
Use [https://github.com/pcb2gcode/pcb2gcode pcb2gcode] to produce the GCode.

Below is an example of a single-sided board drilled from the back side. It uses speeds, distances and feed rates that are known to work well with out machine and utilizes auto-leveling to compensate for deformation in clamping and the slight bent in Y-axis.

Consult pcb2gcode manual to tune details or use utilize other features of the tool such as double-sided milling or tiling.

{{cmd|code=
pcb2gcode \
--back=MyBoard-B_Cu.gbl \
--drill=MyBoard.drl \
--outline=MyBoard-Edge_Cuts.gm1 \
\
--drill-output=MyBoard-drill.ngc \
--front-output=MyBoard-front.ngc \
--back-output=MyBoard-back.ngc \
--outline-output=MyBoard-outline.ngc \
\
--software=linuxcnc \
--metric=true \
--metricoutput=true \
\
--al-back=true \
--al-x=5 \
--al-y=5 \
--al-probefeed=50 \
\
--zchange=20.0000 \
--zsafe=2.0000 \
--extra-passes=3 \
--mill-feed=450 \
--mill-speed=24000 \
--offset=0.1500 \
--zwork=-0.0900 \
--drill-feed=250 \
--drill-side=back \
--drill-speed=12000 \
--zdrill=-3.0000 \
--bridges=0.8000 \
--bridgesnum=4 \
--cut-feed=200 \
--cut-infeed=1.0000 \
--cut-side=back \
--cut-speed=24000 \
--cutter-diameter=3.1750 \
--zbridges=-0.0500 \
--zcut=-1.7000
}}

If pcb2gcode prints warnings, look into the *.svg files generated in working directory. They will contain visual indication of what is the problem.

=== File upload ===
Upload folder to LinuxCNC machine:
{{cmd|code=
scp -r project/ base@linuxcnc.base48.cz:<your_nick>/
}}

== Machining ==
The following steps are done at the CNC milling machine.

You will be operating machine a machine that spin things very fast, moves with a lot of power and doesn't stop for meat. Avoid complacency and double-check things.

=== Safety essentials ===
* The '''big red button''' is an E-stop
* E-stop cuts power to motors when idle and in emergency
* F1 in LinuxCNC also acts as an E-stop
* Erroneous Z-axis movement or failed probe will break and eject the sharp tip of the tool
* '''Safety goggles are needed to protect eyes from flying debris'''
* Errors happen. Double-check commands and have an emergency plan!

=== Clamping ===
Make sure to clamp PCB blank as good as possible as it's '''critical''' for the outcome of the leveling and milling.

* Clamp PCB blank on top of piece of wood with at least 4 clamps
* Attach the RED probe crocodile clip is attached to the PCB
* Double-check the proble clip. '''The tool will break during probing if there's no contact!'''

=== Starting up ===
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Find a pair of safety goggles
* Power on the extension cord
* Make sure you hear the spindle cooling water pump operate
* Power on linuxcnc machine (the PC, reachable at linuxcnc.base48.cz)
* Power on machine controller

=== Starting CNC control ===
* Start LinuxCNC by running base_mill shortcut on the desktop
* '''Put on the safety goggles'''
* Depress the E-stop
* Enable power (F2)
* Position the machine with arrow keys to a starting point (bottom left corner of your future PCB)

=== Homing and preparing to mill ===
* Pick a V-shaped tool from the box and install it
* Home each axis of the machine, don't forget to home A axis as well
* Load F.Cu or B.Cu G-code file
* Try moving machine around displayed job to make sure it can actually reach all sides of the job without collisions
* Switch to MDI tab (F5) (all the required commands in the following section should be present in the history)
** To get to the starting point run '''G0 X0 Y0'''
** To home Z-axis use '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''

=== Milling ===
* Make sure you're wearing eye protection
* Start job with blue arrow button
* Hope for the best, abort with F1 or E-stop if stuff goes wrong
* When asked to install or remove probe, just continue. Probing will run with the V-shaped milling tool

=== Drilling ===
* Load drill file (e.g. ''drill_post.ngc'')
* Install correct drill bit
* To re-establish Z height again
** Go to Manual tab (F3) and position a head outside of the milled PCB near clamp with probing wire attached so probing is possible, then few millimeters on top of the spot but don't try to make contact
** Go to MDI tab (F5) and issue probing command '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start drilling job

=== Outline ===
* Load outline file (e.g. ''outline_post.ngc'')
* Load 3.175mm endmill
* Go to manual tab a re-establish Z height again by positioning tool slightly over the board
* '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start job

== After milling ==
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Shut off the controller, PC and extension cord
* Vacuum the debris
* Clean your board with sandpaper and alcohol
* Use flux spray
* Leave a board on a warm place for a while
* Take pictures
* Solder components
* Profit

PCB Milling

2026-09-15T13:48:03Z

Klubko: Update, auto-leveling

{{Project
|founder=[[user:rmarko]]
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=operational
|shortdesc=Milling and drilling PCB's on LinuxCNC
|image=Millingatbase.jpg
}}

== Prepare the GCode ==
This part is done on your computer. The objective is to get GCode files for milling, drilling and outline cut and copy them to the controlling machine.

=== Export from KiCAD ===
Up to date versions of KiCAD provide a command line tool to conveniently export Gerber and drill files.

{{cmd|code=
kicad-cli pcb export gerbers --layers F.Cu,B.Cu,Edge.Cuts MyBoard.kicad_pcb
kicad-cli pcb export drill MyBoard.kicad_pcb
}}

=== Generate GCode ===
Use [https://github.com/pcb2gcode/pcb2gcode pcb2gcode] to produce the GCode.

Below is an example of a single-sided board drilled from the back side. It uses speeds, distances and feed rates that are known to work well with out machine and utilizes auto-leveling to compensate for deformation in clamping and the slight bent in Y-axis.

Consult pcb2gcode manual to tune details or use utilize other features of the tool such as double-sided milling or tiling.

{{cmd|code=
pcb2gcode \
--back=MyBoard-B_Cu.gbl \
--drill=MyBoard.drl \
--outline=MyBoard-Edge_Cuts.gm1 \
\
--drill-output=MyBoard-drill.ngc \
--front-output=MyBoard-front.ngc \
--back-output=MyBoard-back.ngc \
--outline-output=MyBoard-outline.ngc \
\
--software=linuxcnc \
--metric=true \
--metricoutput=true \
\
--al-back=true \
--al-x=5 \
--al-y=5 \
--al-probefeed=50 \
\
--zchange=20.0000 \
--zsafe=2.0000 \
--extra-passes=3 \
--mill-feed=450 \
--mill-speed=24000 \
--offset=0.1500 \
--zwork=-0.0900 \
--drill-feed=250 \
--drill-side=back \
--drill-speed=12000 \
--zdrill=-3.0000 \
--bridges=0.8000 \
--bridgesnum=4 \
--cut-feed=200 \
--cut-infeed=1.0000 \
--cut-side=back \
--cut-speed=24000 \
--cutter-diameter=3.1750 \
--zbridges=-0.0500 \
--zcut=-1.7000
}}

If pcb2gcode prints warnings, look into the *.svg files generated in working directory. They will contain visual indication of what is the problem.

=== File upload ===
Upload folder to LinuxCNC machine:
{{cmd|code=
scp -r project/ base@linuxcnc.base48.cz:<your_nick>/
}}

== Machining ==
The following steps are done at the CNC milling machine.

You will be operating machine a machine that spin things very fast, moves with a lot of power and doesn't stop for meat. Avoid complacency and double-check things.

=== Safety essentials ===
* The '''big red button''' is an E-stop
* E-stop cuts power to motors when idle and in emergency
* F1 in LinuxCNC also acts as an E-stop
* Erroneous Z-axis movement or failed probe will break and eject the sharp tip of the tool
* '''Safety goggles are needed to protect eyes from flying debris'''
* Errors happen. Double-check commands and have an emergency plan!

=== Clamping ===
Make sure to clamp PCB blank as good as possible as it's '''critical''' for the outcome of the leveling and milling.

* Clamp PCB blank on top of piece of wood with at least 4 clamps
* Attach the RED probe crocodile clip is attached to the PCB
* Double-check the proble clip. '''The tool will break during probing if there's no contact!'''

=== Starting up ===
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Find a pair of safety goggles
* Power on the extension cord
* Make sure you hear the spindle cooling water pump operate
* Power on linuxcnc machine (the PC, reachable at linuxcnc.base48.cz)
* Power on machine controller

=== Starting CNC control ===
* Start LinuxCNC by running base_mill shortcut on the desktop
* '''Put on the safety goggles'''
* Depress the E-stop
* Enable power (F2)
* Position the machine with arrow keys to a starting point (bottom left corner of your future PCB)

=== Homing and preparing to mill ===
* Pick a V-shaped tool from the box and install it
* Home each axis of the machine, don't forget to home A axis as well
* Load F.Cu or B.Cu G-code file
* Try moving machine around displayed job to make sure it can actually reach all sides of the job without collisions
* Switch to MDI tab (F5) (all the required commands in the following section should be present in the history)
** To get to the starting point run '''G0 X0 Y0'''
** To home Z-axis use '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''

=== Milling ===
* Make sure you're wearing eye protection
* Start job with blue arrow button
* Hope for the best, abort with F1 or E-stop if stuff goes wrong
* When asked to install or remove probe, just continue. Probing will run with the V-shaped milling tool

=== Drilling ===
* Load drill file (e.g. ''drill_post.ngc'')
* Install correct drill bit
* To re-establish Z height again
** Go to Manual tab (F3) and position a head outside of the milled PCB near clamp with probing wire attached so probing is possible, then few millimeters on top of the spot but don't try to make contact
** Go to MDI tab (F5) and issue probing command '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start drilling job

=== Outline ===
* Load outline file (e.g. ''outline_post.ngc'')
* Load 3.175mm endmill
* Go to manual tab a re-establish Z height again by positioning tool slightly over the board
* '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start job

== After milling ==
* '''Find the E-stop and make sure it's pressed'''
* Shut off the controller, PC and extension cord
* Vacuum the debris
* Clean your board with sandpaper and alcohol
* Use flux spray
* Leave a board on a warm place for a while
* Take pictures
* Solder components
* Profit

Small CNC

2026-09-15T13:03:06Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|name=Small CNC
|shortdesc=Small CNC machine
|image=Small-CNC.jpeg
|founder=base48
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=being resurrected
}}

Small CNC machine, good for [[PCB Milling]].

= Safety =

= Operation =

= Pictures =

Feel free to upload pictures of your finished PCBs and add link(s) to following gallery:

<gallery widths=200>
File:Milled-pcb-esp8266.jpg
File:Milled-pcb-phsensor.jpg
File:Milling_pcb2_stm32f042.jpg
File:Oven.jpg
File:3020pcb.jpg
File:Hc pcb.jpg
File:Synth pcb.jpg
File:Millingatbase.jpg
File:Audiothing0.jpeg
File:Audiothing1.jpeg
File:Audiothing2.jpg
File:Mag brk.jpeg
File:RN2348PCB.JPG
File:Cpld brk.jpg
File:Amp2.jpg
</gallery>

Large CNC

2026-08-30T13:50:02Z

Klubko: Freecad

{{Project
|name=Base48 CNC
|image=641378466 1341178588052502 3684234166280655407 n.jpg
|founder=Skirit
|coops=skirit, krey
|status=active
|tags=hw
|shortdesc=
|created=2022
}}

== Design ==

Repository: https://github.com/hackerspace/cnc-ng

=== Renders ===

<gallery>
File:Large CNC Assembly.png|CNC assembly
File:Large CNC Head.png|Head detail
File:Large CNC Z Drive.png|Z drive
File:Large CNC Z Drive 2.png|Z drive
File:Large CNC Z Portal.png|Portal detail
File:Large CNC Z Portal Side.png|Other end
</gallery>

== Pictures ==

<gallery>
File:641378466 1341178588052502 3684234166280655407 n.jpg
File:643780689 1341178651385829 2896998308626909146 n.jpg
File:640817616 1341178701385824 4027835777262540953 n.jpg
File:641267395 1341178764719151 308047410247638726 n.jpg
</gallery>

File:Large CNC Z Portal Side.png

2026-08-30T13:49:40Z

Klubko:

File:Large CNC Z Portal.png

2026-08-30T13:49:28Z

Klubko:

File:Large CNC Assembly.png

2026-08-30T13:49:01Z

Klubko:

File:Large CNC Z Drive 2.png

2026-08-30T13:47:22Z

Klubko:

File:Large CNC Z Drive.png

2026-08-30T13:47:00Z

Klubko: Klubko uploaded a new version of File:Large CNC Z Drive.png

File:Large CNC Z Drive.png

2026-08-30T13:46:26Z

Klubko:

File:Large CNC Head.png

2026-08-30T13:43:22Z

Klubko:

Detail of CNC head

Large CNC

2026-08-29T00:36:37Z

Klubko:

Metal workshop

2026-08-29T00:06:18Z

Klubko: /* Mechlab */

[[Category:Equipment]]
{{Project
|name=Metal workshop
|image=20240302_155942.jpg
|founder=
|coops=
|status=active
|tags=hw
|shortdesc=Area equipped for metal work
|created=
}}

[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=metal Metal]

== Mechlab ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Item
!State
!Ownership
|-
|[[Large CNC]]
|'''in development'''
|needs volunteers
|-
|[[Small CNC]]
|being resurrected
|needs volunteers
|-
|CNC FC16
|available after agreement
|Milan
|-
|lathe
|?
|Milan
|-
|PCB drill
|?
|base 48
|}

== Metal workshop ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Item
!Make
!Ownership
|-
|[https://wiki.base48.cz/w/images/e/ef/20240302_155942.jpg metal workshop]
|
|skirit/base48
|-
|Shielded Metal Arc Welding
|
|skirit
|-
|Welding invertor MIG / MMA
|Laston
|Adam
|-
|Welding trolley + CO2 gas tank
| -
|Adam
|-
|Welding mask
| -
|martian742
|-
|Welding mask
| -
|Adam
|-
|Angle grinder
|Bosch
|Adam
|-
|Angle grinder
|Bosch
|Adam
|-
|Cordless Angle grinder
|Bosch
|Adam
|-
|Angle grinder
|Parkside
|Krey
|-
|Cordless Angle grinder
|Parkside
|Krey
|-
|Bench grinder with belt sander (Combined Sharpener)
|Parkside
|base 48
|-
|Bench grinder
|Scheppach
|base 48
|-
|Corded Power drill
|Black&Decker
|base 48
|-
|Corded Power drill
|Offbrand
|base 48
|-
|Plasma cutter
|Plasmatech / shark
|base 48
|-
|Dremel grinder
|Dremel
|base 48
|-
|Stationary drill
|TOS Kuřim
|base 48
|-
|Metal Cut-off Saw
|Bosch
|Adam
|-
|Vise
| -
|base 48
|-
|Grinding accessories ( grinding discs, cutting disks, sandpaper discs, metal brushes, ...)
| -
|base 48
|-
|Welding accessories (gloves, apron, electrodes, anti-stick spray, soapstone, pliers, metal brushes, clamps, 90-degree clamps, magnetic speed-squares, ...)
| -
|
|}

File:Small-CNC.jpeg

2026-08-28T23:58:44Z

Klubko: Rack with CNC mill setup.

== Summary ==
Rack with CNC mill setup.

Small CNC

2026-08-28T23:47:54Z

Klubko: Created page with "{{Project |name=Small CNC |shortdesc=Small CNC machine |image=Small-CNC.jpeg |founder=base48 |coops=Lubko |status=being resurrected }} Small CNC machine, good for PCB Milling."

{{Project
|name=Small CNC
|shortdesc=Small CNC machine
|image=Small-CNC.jpeg
|founder=base48
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=being resurrected
}}

Small CNC machine, good for [[PCB Milling]].

PCB Milling

2026-08-28T23:43:04Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|founder=[[user:rmarko]]
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=being resurrected
|shortdesc=Milling and drilling PCB's on LinuxCNC
|image=Millingatbase.jpg
}}

Step-by step PCB milling tutorial.

= Board preparation =

== Required software ==

Make sure you have following tools installed:

* Kicad or Eagle
* pcb2gcode - conversion of Gerber files to G-code
* pcb2gcodeGUI - GUI for pcb2gcode
* Camotics - G-code simulator for verification (optional)
* hacked_cnc - control, visualization and G-code leveling (optional, installed on linuxcnc host)

On Fedora pcb2gcode(GUI) can be installed from packages:
{{cmd|code=
dnf install pcb2gcode pcb2gcodeGUI
}}

== Kicad export ==

Note: it's better to export gerbers and gcode to separate folder, sometimes you need
to re-export stuff to correct for errors and you don't want to mix files between revisions.

To export Gerber files from Kicad
* choose File -> Plot
* set ''Plot'' format to ''Gerber'' (default)
* set ''Exclude PCB edge from other layer''
* select layers to export - depending on your design this is either F.Cu or B.Cu and Edge.Cuts layers
* click ''Plot'' on the bottom of the window
* click ''Generate Drill file'' next to ''Plot''
* set ''Drill Units'' to ''Millimeters''
* set ''Drill Origin'' to ''Absolute''
* click ''Drill File'' button on the right side of the window

== G-Code conversion ==

To convert Gerbers to G-code use either pcb2gcode from command line
or pcb2gcodeGUI.

Make sure to '''set correct drill side''', if your design is on F.Cu you want to drill from the front side (--dril-side=front) and vice versa.

If you don't want to switch tools for drilling choose One drill option (--onedrill=true) which merges all drill operations to one
file (bit size).

== Simulation / preview ==

You can verify if everything is correct by importing all files to Camotics G-code simulator.

Ideally your board should start at positive X, Y coordinates with lower left corner near X0/Y0.

== File upload ==

Upload folder to LinuxCNC machine:
{{cmd|code=
scp -r project/ base@linuxcnc.base48.cz:<your_nick>/
}}

= Machining =

== Machine preparation ==

* Start linuxcnc machine (reachable at linuxcnc.base48.cz)
* Start machine controller
* Start cooling pump
* Pick a V-shaped tool from the box and install it

== Clamping ==

Make sure to clamp PCB blank as good as possible as it's critical for the outcome of the leveling and milling.

* Clamp PCB blank on top of piece of wood with at least 4 clamps
* Make sure RED wire is touching the PCB, it has to be put under one of the clamps so it won't come loose

== LinuxCNC ==

* Start LinuxCNC by running base_mill shortcut on the desktop
* Enable machine control by disabling emergency stop (F1) and enabling power (F2)
* Position the machine with arrow keys to a starting point (bottom left corner of your future pcb)
* Home each axis of the machine, don't forget to home A axis as well
* Load F.Cu or B.Cu G-code file
* Try moving machine around displayed job to make sure it can actually reach all sides of the job without collisions
* Switch to MDI tab (F5) (all the required commands in the following section should be present in the history)
** To get to the starting point run '''G0 X0 Y0'''
** To home Z-axis use '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''

== Leveling ==

* Switch to workspace 3, open terminal and find a directory with your jobs G-code files
* Run pcb2gcode_postproc.py in that folder
* Switch to workspace 4, find terminals with hacked_cnc directories
* In the first terminal (''~/hacked_cnc'') run
{{cmd|code=
./hcc server --linuxcnc
}}
* In the second terminal (''~/hacked_cnc/hc/ui/probe/'') run
{{cmd|code=
./probe.py
}}
* Open postprocessed file in probe GUI e.g. ''proj_front_post.ngc''
* Check if there are enough probe points for the size of your board and andjust if not
* Probing first goes to '''-margin''' which means it will start at '''X-3''' (default margin of 3mm) if your board stars at '''X0''', make sure there's enough free space for this move if you're tight on the space of the blank PCB - the margin has to be at least 1mm for leveling to work
* Run '''Run Probe'''
* When probing is done run '''Process'''
* File is automatically saved with ''lvl_'' prefix when processing is done
* Now switch back to LinuxCNC window and load suffixed file

== Milling ==

* Start job with blue arrow button
* Hope for the best, abort with F1 if stuff goes wrong

== Adjusting milling depth ==

If your board is not milled deep enough
* Stop job with F1
* Disable safety stop by pressing F1 again
* In MDI tab
** Move machine to Z1 with '''G0 Z1'''
** Set machine position to e.g. Z1.1 to add 0.1mm with '''G92 Z1.1'''

== Drilling ==

* Load drill file (e.g. ''drill_post.ngc'')
* Install correct drill bit
* To re-establish Z height again
** Go to Manual tab (F3) and position a head outside of the milled PCB near clamp with probing wire attached so probing is possible, then few millimeters on top of the spot but don't try to make contact
** Go to MDI tab (F5) and issue probing command '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start drilling job

== Outline ==

* Load outline file (e.g. ''outline_post.ngc'')
* Load 3.175mm endmill
* Go to manual tab a re-establish Z height again by positioning tool slightly over the board
* '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start job

= Post-processing =

* Clean your board with sandpaper and alcohol
* Use flux spray
* Leave a board on a warm place for a while
* Clean-up and power down the machine meanwhile, remove tool from tool holder
* Take pictures
* Solder components
* Profit

= Gallery =

Feel free to upload pictures of your finished PCBs and add link(s) to following gallery:

<gallery widths=200>
File:Milled-pcb-esp8266.jpg
File:Milled-pcb-phsensor.jpg
File:Milling_pcb2_stm32f042.jpg
File:Oven.jpg
File:3020pcb.jpg
File:Hc pcb.jpg
File:Synth pcb.jpg
File:Millingatbase.jpg
File:Audiothing0.jpeg
File:Audiothing1.jpeg
File:Audiothing2.jpg
File:Mag brk.jpeg
File:RN2348PCB.JPG
File:Cpld brk.jpg
File:Amp2.jpg
</gallery>

==== Oldstuff mov to git ====

=== pcb2gcode ===
git clone https://github.com/pcb2gcode/pcb2gcode
sample make_gcode script
{{cmd|code=
#!/bin/bash

pcb2gcode \
--front=front-gerber-F.Cu.gtl \
--back=back-gerber-B.Cu.gbl \
--drill=drill.drl \
--outline=Edge.Cuts.gm1 \
--output-dir=gcode \
--dpi=1000 \
--metric=true \
--metricoutput=true \
--mirror-absolute=false \
--optimise=true \
--tile-x=1 --tile-y=1 \
--vectorial=false \
--zchange=20.0000 \
--zero-start=true \
--zsafe=2.0000 \
--extra-passes=3 \
--mill-feed=450 \
--mill-speed=24000 \
--offset=0.1500 \
--zwork=-0.0500 \
--drill-feed=250 \
--drill-side=back \
--drill-speed=12000 \
--milldrill=false \
--nog81=false \
--onedrill=false \
--zdrill=-3.0000 \
--bridges=0.8000 \
--bridgesnum=4 \
--cut-feed=200 \
--cut-infeed=1.0000 \
--cut-side=back \
--cut-speed=24000 \
--cutter-diameter=3.1750 \
--fill-outline=true \
--outline-width=0.2000 \
--zbridges=-0.0500 \
--zcut=-1.7000
}}

PlotBot

2026-08-28T23:42:49Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|name=Base48 PlotBot
|image=Turtle-bots.jpg
|founder=niklasroy.com/robotfactory
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]], vanicka
|status=active
|tags=hw
|shortdesc=Whiteboard drawing bot
|created=2025-25-09
}}

== What is this ==
A whiteboard drawing bot project. We didn't design the thing, but we built a couple of robots. Along the way, we made modifications and learned a lot.

Among things we learned is that it's a perfect project to get start with robotics.

Here's where it comes from:

https://hackaday.com/2025/09/02/this-plotter-knows-no-boundaries/

https://www.niklasroy.com/robotfactory/

The above link actually contains everything needed to get the bot going. Below are adjustments for parts we had.

== Our modifications ==
Our FreeCAD model is here: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/tiny_turtle_plotter_CAD.FCStd tiny_turtle_plotter_CAD.FCStd]

Modified parts typically have "new" in their name. Sorry if it's messy. First time FreeCAD.

<gallery>
File:555688595 1215584740611888 2776984424721907890 n.jpg|3D-printed parts for original build
File:Turtle-endstop.jpg|Different endstop microswitch
File:Turtle-switch-ball.jpg|Different size roller and endstop
File:Turtle-ball.jpg|Roller ball
File:Drawbot-ball2.jpg|Roller ball
File:Turtle-wheels.jpg|Wheels and tyres
File:Turtle-wheels1.jpg|Wheels
File:Turtle-carriage.jpg|Wheel carriage
File:Turtle-steppers.jpg|Stepper motors
File:Turtle-pen-lifter.jpg|Hacked pen lifter
</gallery>

=== Endstops ===
The microswitches come in different shapes and forms. We added extra prongs to the bumper ring to engage with wider range of microswitches.

=== Roller ball ===
We used a larger furniture ball, which in turn means we had to make room in the parts in two lowest layer and make the wheels larger.

=== Wheels ===
The wheels were too small, possibly because our roller ball was bigger. They were also rubbing against layers 1 and 2, and appeared to be made for 5mm shaft in the stepper (our had 6mm). This has, of course, thrown off the geometry. a little.

We also had different size tyres.

=== Power banks ===
Ones we had didn't fit. We adjusted the layers 1 and made different versions of the upper ring to hold them in place.

=== Pen lifter ===
One robot is equipped with a more precise pen lifter that utilizes linear motion bearings (LM8) on 8mm rods.

== Control Board ==
[[File:Turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.png|thumb|Traces can be drawn on copper laminate (cuprexit) with toner transfer technique and chemically etched. Negative printout for PCB etching: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/artifacts/turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.pdf turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.pdf]]]
We've drawn a PCB that can be sent to a manufacturing house, but is also optimized for chemical or CNC etching!

Schematic: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/artifacts/turtle-bot-v3-schematic.pdf turtle-bot-v3-schematic.pdf]

Fabrication notes: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/artifacts/turtle-bot-v3-pcb-fab-notes.pdf turtle-bot-v3-pcb-fab-notes.pdf]

Negative printout for PCB etching: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/artifacts/turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.pdf turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.pdf]

<gallery>
File:630198759 1327012059469155 4819732943989781073 n.jpg|Cutting copper boards
File:631316442 1327012126135815 8139523202493073450 n.jpg|Chilling in a pool after toner transfer
File:640173458 1339273461576348 8523389435759424901 n.jpg|Toner transfer done, paper peeled off
File:633395964 1327012302802464 3349586654434092500 n.jpg|Copper etching
File:640446084 1339273764909651 2435820910506464661 n.jpg|Board fully etched
File:640928983 1339273704909657 7028863716144500154 n.jpg|Posing for a picture
File:Turtle-front.jpg|Perfboards are a no-hassle option
File:Turtle-pcb1.jpg|Back side of a perfboard
</gallery>

== Software ==
Arduino code: https://github.com/vranicka/PlotBot

== Shopping list ==

=== CY-8H roller ball ===

* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-CY%2525252d8H-10-pcs.html?spm=a2g0o.detail.search.0

=== Threaded rod ===

* https://www.hornbach.cz/p/zavitova-tyc-a2-m4-1m-nerez/12178521/

=== M4 nuts ===

* https://www.hornbach.cz/p/matice-presna-m4-sestihranna-nerez-a2-30ks/8718280/

=== Stepper ===

* https://www.gme.cz/v/1500758/md775047-dc-motor-krokovy-5v
* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-stepper-5v.html?spm=a2g0o.detail.search.0

=== Arduino Nano ===

* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-arduino-nano.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.search.0
* https://www.gme.cz/v/1514835/usb-c-klon-arduino-nano

=== OD23xCS2.5 Rubber O-Ring ===

* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-OD-23-CS-2.5-rubber-o%2525252dring.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.search.0

=== Micro switch with 20mm-35mm lever ===

* https://www.gme.cz/v/1496684/zippy-sm-05s-07a0-z-mikrospinac
* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-limit-micro-switch.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.search.0

=== ULN2803 motor driver ===

* https://www.gme.cz/v/1519030/taejin-htc-korea-uln2803an-darlingtonuv-proudovy-budic
* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-uln2803-dip.html?spm=a2g0o.home.search.0

== More pictures ==
omg somebody please take a picture of it drawing and writing<gallery>
File:20260119 145224.jpg|Robot coming alive
File:555534763 1215584797278549 3519708831245411009 n.jpg|Robot skeleton
File:PlotBot.jpg|In action
</gallery>

PCB Milling

2026-08-28T23:42:43Z

Klubko:

{{Project
|founder=[[user:rmarko]]
|coops=[[User:Lubko|Lubko]]
|status=being resurrected
|shortdesc=Milling and drilling PCB's on LinuxCNC
|image=Millingatbase.jpg
}}
{{Project

Step-by step PCB milling tutorial.

= Board preparation =

== Required software ==

Make sure you have following tools installed:

* Kicad or Eagle
* pcb2gcode - conversion of Gerber files to G-code
* pcb2gcodeGUI - GUI for pcb2gcode
* Camotics - G-code simulator for verification (optional)
* hacked_cnc - control, visualization and G-code leveling (optional, installed on linuxcnc host)

On Fedora pcb2gcode(GUI) can be installed from packages:
{{cmd|code=
dnf install pcb2gcode pcb2gcodeGUI
}}

== Kicad export ==

Note: it's better to export gerbers and gcode to separate folder, sometimes you need
to re-export stuff to correct for errors and you don't want to mix files between revisions.

To export Gerber files from Kicad
* choose File -> Plot
* set ''Plot'' format to ''Gerber'' (default)
* set ''Exclude PCB edge from other layer''
* select layers to export - depending on your design this is either F.Cu or B.Cu and Edge.Cuts layers
* click ''Plot'' on the bottom of the window
* click ''Generate Drill file'' next to ''Plot''
* set ''Drill Units'' to ''Millimeters''
* set ''Drill Origin'' to ''Absolute''
* click ''Drill File'' button on the right side of the window

== G-Code conversion ==

To convert Gerbers to G-code use either pcb2gcode from command line
or pcb2gcodeGUI.

Make sure to '''set correct drill side''', if your design is on F.Cu you want to drill from the front side (--dril-side=front) and vice versa.

If you don't want to switch tools for drilling choose One drill option (--onedrill=true) which merges all drill operations to one
file (bit size).

== Simulation / preview ==

You can verify if everything is correct by importing all files to Camotics G-code simulator.

Ideally your board should start at positive X, Y coordinates with lower left corner near X0/Y0.

== File upload ==

Upload folder to LinuxCNC machine:
{{cmd|code=
scp -r project/ base@linuxcnc.base48.cz:<your_nick>/
}}

= Machining =

== Machine preparation ==

* Start linuxcnc machine (reachable at linuxcnc.base48.cz)
* Start machine controller
* Start cooling pump
* Pick a V-shaped tool from the box and install it

== Clamping ==

Make sure to clamp PCB blank as good as possible as it's critical for the outcome of the leveling and milling.

* Clamp PCB blank on top of piece of wood with at least 4 clamps
* Make sure RED wire is touching the PCB, it has to be put under one of the clamps so it won't come loose

== LinuxCNC ==

* Start LinuxCNC by running base_mill shortcut on the desktop
* Enable machine control by disabling emergency stop (F1) and enabling power (F2)
* Position the machine with arrow keys to a starting point (bottom left corner of your future pcb)
* Home each axis of the machine, don't forget to home A axis as well
* Load F.Cu or B.Cu G-code file
* Try moving machine around displayed job to make sure it can actually reach all sides of the job without collisions
* Switch to MDI tab (F5) (all the required commands in the following section should be present in the history)
** To get to the starting point run '''G0 X0 Y0'''
** To home Z-axis use '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''

== Leveling ==

* Switch to workspace 3, open terminal and find a directory with your jobs G-code files
* Run pcb2gcode_postproc.py in that folder
* Switch to workspace 4, find terminals with hacked_cnc directories
* In the first terminal (''~/hacked_cnc'') run
{{cmd|code=
./hcc server --linuxcnc
}}
* In the second terminal (''~/hacked_cnc/hc/ui/probe/'') run
{{cmd|code=
./probe.py
}}
* Open postprocessed file in probe GUI e.g. ''proj_front_post.ngc''
* Check if there are enough probe points for the size of your board and andjust if not
* Probing first goes to '''-margin''' which means it will start at '''X-3''' (default margin of 3mm) if your board stars at '''X0''', make sure there's enough free space for this move if you're tight on the space of the blank PCB - the margin has to be at least 1mm for leveling to work
* Run '''Run Probe'''
* When probing is done run '''Process'''
* File is automatically saved with ''lvl_'' prefix when processing is done
* Now switch back to LinuxCNC window and load suffixed file

== Milling ==

* Start job with blue arrow button
* Hope for the best, abort with F1 if stuff goes wrong

== Adjusting milling depth ==

If your board is not milled deep enough
* Stop job with F1
* Disable safety stop by pressing F1 again
* In MDI tab
** Move machine to Z1 with '''G0 Z1'''
** Set machine position to e.g. Z1.1 to add 0.1mm with '''G92 Z1.1'''

== Drilling ==

* Load drill file (e.g. ''drill_post.ngc'')
* Install correct drill bit
* To re-establish Z height again
** Go to Manual tab (F3) and position a head outside of the milled PCB near clamp with probing wire attached so probing is possible, then few millimeters on top of the spot but don't try to make contact
** Go to MDI tab (F5) and issue probing command '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start drilling job

== Outline ==

* Load outline file (e.g. ''outline_post.ngc'')
* Load 3.175mm endmill
* Go to manual tab a re-establish Z height again by positioning tool slightly over the board
* '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start job

= Post-processing =

* Clean your board with sandpaper and alcohol
* Use flux spray
* Leave a board on a warm place for a while
* Clean-up and power down the machine meanwhile, remove tool from tool holder
* Take pictures
* Solder components
* Profit

= Gallery =

Feel free to upload pictures of your finished PCBs and add link(s) to following gallery:

<gallery widths=200>
File:Milled-pcb-esp8266.jpg
File:Milled-pcb-phsensor.jpg
File:Milling_pcb2_stm32f042.jpg
File:Oven.jpg
File:3020pcb.jpg
File:Hc pcb.jpg
File:Synth pcb.jpg
File:Millingatbase.jpg
File:Audiothing0.jpeg
File:Audiothing1.jpeg
File:Audiothing2.jpg
File:Mag brk.jpeg
File:RN2348PCB.JPG
File:Cpld brk.jpg
File:Amp2.jpg
</gallery>

==== Oldstuff mov to git ====

=== pcb2gcode ===
git clone https://github.com/pcb2gcode/pcb2gcode
sample make_gcode script
{{cmd|code=
#!/bin/bash

pcb2gcode \
--front=front-gerber-F.Cu.gtl \
--back=back-gerber-B.Cu.gbl \
--drill=drill.drl \
--outline=Edge.Cuts.gm1 \
--output-dir=gcode \
--dpi=1000 \
--metric=true \
--metricoutput=true \
--mirror-absolute=false \
--optimise=true \
--tile-x=1 --tile-y=1 \
--vectorial=false \
--zchange=20.0000 \
--zero-start=true \
--zsafe=2.0000 \
--extra-passes=3 \
--mill-feed=450 \
--mill-speed=24000 \
--offset=0.1500 \
--zwork=-0.0500 \
--drill-feed=250 \
--drill-side=back \
--drill-speed=12000 \
--milldrill=false \
--nog81=false \
--onedrill=false \
--zdrill=-3.0000 \
--bridges=0.8000 \
--bridgesnum=4 \
--cut-feed=200 \
--cut-infeed=1.0000 \
--cut-side=back \
--cut-speed=24000 \
--cutter-diameter=3.1750 \
--fill-outline=true \
--outline-width=0.2000 \
--zbridges=-0.0500 \
--zcut=-1.7000
}}

PCBMilling

2026-08-28T23:37:09Z

Klubko: Klubko moved page PCBMilling to PCB Milling

#REDIRECT [[PCB Milling]]

PCB Milling

2026-08-28T23:37:09Z

Klubko: Klubko moved page PCBMilling to PCB Milling

{{Project
|founder=[[user:rmarko]]
|status=active
|shortdesc=Milling and drilling PCB's on LinuxCNC
|image=Millingatbase.jpg
}}

Step-by step PCB milling tutorial.

= Board preparation =

== Required software ==

Make sure you have following tools installed:

* Kicad or Eagle
* pcb2gcode - conversion of Gerber files to G-code
* pcb2gcodeGUI - GUI for pcb2gcode
* Camotics - G-code simulator for verification (optional)
* hacked_cnc - control, visualization and G-code leveling (optional, installed on linuxcnc host)

On Fedora pcb2gcode(GUI) can be installed from packages:
{{cmd|code=
dnf install pcb2gcode pcb2gcodeGUI
}}

== Kicad export ==

Note: it's better to export gerbers and gcode to separate folder, sometimes you need
to re-export stuff to correct for errors and you don't want to mix files between revisions.

To export Gerber files from Kicad
* choose File -> Plot
* set ''Plot'' format to ''Gerber'' (default)
* set ''Exclude PCB edge from other layer''
* select layers to export - depending on your design this is either F.Cu or B.Cu and Edge.Cuts layers
* click ''Plot'' on the bottom of the window
* click ''Generate Drill file'' next to ''Plot''
* set ''Drill Units'' to ''Millimeters''
* set ''Drill Origin'' to ''Absolute''
* click ''Drill File'' button on the right side of the window

== G-Code conversion ==

To convert Gerbers to G-code use either pcb2gcode from command line
or pcb2gcodeGUI.

Make sure to '''set correct drill side''', if your design is on F.Cu you want to drill from the front side (--dril-side=front) and vice versa.

If you don't want to switch tools for drilling choose One drill option (--onedrill=true) which merges all drill operations to one
file (bit size).

== Simulation / preview ==

You can verify if everything is correct by importing all files to Camotics G-code simulator.

Ideally your board should start at positive X, Y coordinates with lower left corner near X0/Y0.

== File upload ==

Upload folder to LinuxCNC machine:
{{cmd|code=
scp -r project/ base@linuxcnc.base48.cz:<your_nick>/
}}

= Machining =

== Machine preparation ==

* Start linuxcnc machine (reachable at linuxcnc.base48.cz)
* Start machine controller
* Start cooling pump
* Pick a V-shaped tool from the box and install it

== Clamping ==

Make sure to clamp PCB blank as good as possible as it's critical for the outcome of the leveling and milling.

* Clamp PCB blank on top of piece of wood with at least 4 clamps
* Make sure RED wire is touching the PCB, it has to be put under one of the clamps so it won't come loose

== LinuxCNC ==

* Start LinuxCNC by running base_mill shortcut on the desktop
* Enable machine control by disabling emergency stop (F1) and enabling power (F2)
* Position the machine with arrow keys to a starting point (bottom left corner of your future pcb)
* Home each axis of the machine, don't forget to home A axis as well
* Load F.Cu or B.Cu G-code file
* Try moving machine around displayed job to make sure it can actually reach all sides of the job without collisions
* Switch to MDI tab (F5) (all the required commands in the following section should be present in the history)
** To get to the starting point run '''G0 X0 Y0'''
** To home Z-axis use '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''

== Leveling ==

* Switch to workspace 3, open terminal and find a directory with your jobs G-code files
* Run pcb2gcode_postproc.py in that folder
* Switch to workspace 4, find terminals with hacked_cnc directories
* In the first terminal (''~/hacked_cnc'') run
{{cmd|code=
./hcc server --linuxcnc
}}
* In the second terminal (''~/hacked_cnc/hc/ui/probe/'') run
{{cmd|code=
./probe.py
}}
* Open postprocessed file in probe GUI e.g. ''proj_front_post.ngc''
* Check if there are enough probe points for the size of your board and andjust if not
* Probing first goes to '''-margin''' which means it will start at '''X-3''' (default margin of 3mm) if your board stars at '''X0''', make sure there's enough free space for this move if you're tight on the space of the blank PCB - the margin has to be at least 1mm for leveling to work
* Run '''Run Probe'''
* When probing is done run '''Process'''
* File is automatically saved with ''lvl_'' prefix when processing is done
* Now switch back to LinuxCNC window and load suffixed file

== Milling ==

* Start job with blue arrow button
* Hope for the best, abort with F1 if stuff goes wrong

== Adjusting milling depth ==

If your board is not milled deep enough
* Stop job with F1
* Disable safety stop by pressing F1 again
* In MDI tab
** Move machine to Z1 with '''G0 Z1'''
** Set machine position to e.g. Z1.1 to add 0.1mm with '''G92 Z1.1'''

== Drilling ==

* Load drill file (e.g. ''drill_post.ngc'')
* Install correct drill bit
* To re-establish Z height again
** Go to Manual tab (F3) and position a head outside of the milled PCB near clamp with probing wire attached so probing is possible, then few millimeters on top of the spot but don't try to make contact
** Go to MDI tab (F5) and issue probing command '''G38.2 Z-100 F30'''
** Go back to manual tab and '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start drilling job

== Outline ==

* Load outline file (e.g. ''outline_post.ngc'')
* Load 3.175mm endmill
* Go to manual tab a re-establish Z height again by positioning tool slightly over the board
* '''re-home Z axis'''
* Start job

= Post-processing =

* Clean your board with sandpaper and alcohol
* Use flux spray
* Leave a board on a warm place for a while
* Clean-up and power down the machine meanwhile, remove tool from tool holder
* Take pictures
* Solder components
* Profit

= Gallery =

Feel free to upload pictures of your finished PCBs and add link(s) to following gallery:

<gallery widths=200>
File:Milled-pcb-esp8266.jpg
File:Milled-pcb-phsensor.jpg
File:Milling_pcb2_stm32f042.jpg
File:Oven.jpg
File:3020pcb.jpg
File:Hc pcb.jpg
File:Synth pcb.jpg
File:Millingatbase.jpg
File:Audiothing0.jpeg
File:Audiothing1.jpeg
File:Audiothing2.jpg
File:Mag brk.jpeg
File:RN2348PCB.JPG
File:Cpld brk.jpg
File:Amp2.jpg
</gallery>

==== Oldstuff mov to git ====

=== pcb2gcode ===
git clone https://github.com/pcb2gcode/pcb2gcode
sample make_gcode script
{{cmd|code=
#!/bin/bash

pcb2gcode \
--front=front-gerber-F.Cu.gtl \
--back=back-gerber-B.Cu.gbl \
--drill=drill.drl \
--outline=Edge.Cuts.gm1 \
--output-dir=gcode \
--dpi=1000 \
--metric=true \
--metricoutput=true \
--mirror-absolute=false \
--optimise=true \
--tile-x=1 --tile-y=1 \
--vectorial=false \
--zchange=20.0000 \
--zero-start=true \
--zsafe=2.0000 \
--extra-passes=3 \
--mill-feed=450 \
--mill-speed=24000 \
--offset=0.1500 \
--zwork=-0.0500 \
--drill-feed=250 \
--drill-side=back \
--drill-speed=12000 \
--milldrill=false \
--nog81=false \
--onedrill=false \
--zdrill=-3.0000 \
--bridges=0.8000 \
--bridgesnum=4 \
--cut-feed=200 \
--cut-infeed=1.0000 \
--cut-side=back \
--cut-speed=24000 \
--cutter-diameter=3.1750 \
--fill-outline=true \
--outline-width=0.2000 \
--zbridges=-0.0500 \
--zcut=-1.7000
}}

Metal workshop

2026-08-28T23:27:57Z

Klubko: Update CNCs

[[Category:Equipment]]
{{Project
|name=Metal workshop
|image=20240302_155942.jpg
|founder=
|coops=
|status=active
|tags=hw
|shortdesc=Area equipped for metal work
|created=
}}

[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=metal Metal]

== Mechlab ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Item
!State
!Ownership
|-
|[[Large CNC]]
|'''in dvelopment'''
|needs volunteers
|-
|CNC FC16
|available after agreement
|Milan
|-
|lathe
|?
|Milan
|-
|PCB drill
|?
|base 48
|}

== Metal workshop ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Item
!Make
!Ownership
|-
|[https://wiki.base48.cz/w/images/e/ef/20240302_155942.jpg metal workshop]
|
|skirit/base48
|-
|Shielded Metal Arc Welding
|
|skirit
|-
|Welding invertor MIG / MMA
|Laston
|Adam
|-
|Welding trolley + CO2 gas tank
| -
|Adam
|-
|Welding mask
| -
|martian742
|-
|Welding mask
| -
|Adam
|-
|Angle grinder
|Bosch
|Adam
|-
|Angle grinder
|Bosch
|Adam
|-
|Cordless Angle grinder
|Bosch
|Adam
|-
|Angle grinder
|Parkside
|Krey
|-
|Cordless Angle grinder
|Parkside
|Krey
|-
|Bench grinder with belt sander (Combined Sharpener)
|Parkside
|base 48
|-
|Bench grinder
|Scheppach
|base 48
|-
|Corded Power drill
|Black&Decker
|base 48
|-
|Corded Power drill
|Offbrand
|base 48
|-
|Plasma cutter
|Plasmatech / shark
|base 48
|-
|Dremel grinder
|Dremel
|base 48
|-
|Stationary drill
|TOS Kuřim
|base 48
|-
|Metal Cut-off Saw
|Bosch
|Adam
|-
|Vise
| -
|base 48
|-
|Grinding accessories ( grinding discs, cutting disks, sandpaper discs, metal brushes, ...)
| -
|base 48
|-
|Welding accessories (gloves, apron, electrodes, anti-stick spray, soapstone, pliers, metal brushes, clamps, 90-degree clamps, magnetic speed-squares, ...)
| -
|
|}

Large CNC

2026-08-28T23:26:27Z

Klubko: Klubko moved page BigCNC to Large CNC without leaving a redirect: Better name

{{Project
|name=Base48 CNC
|image=641378466 1341178588052502 3684234166280655407 n.jpg
|founder=Skirit
|coops=skirit, krey
|status=active
|tags=hw
|shortdesc=
|created=2022
}}

DescriptionCost:hgbxfh

Material:

G code:
=== Gallery: ===
<gallery mode="slideshow">
File:641378466 1341178588052502 3684234166280655407 n.jpg
File:643780689 1341178651385829 2896998308626909146 n.jpg
File:640817616 1341178701385824 4027835777262540953 n.jpg
File:641267395 1341178764719151 308047410247638726 n.jpg
</gallery>

Large CNC

2026-08-28T23:21:52Z

Klubko: Klubko moved page CNC to BigCNC without leaving a redirect: We got multiple CNC machines. Put the generic name aside for eventual generic CNC machining hub.

{{Project
|name=Base48 CNC
|image=641378466 1341178588052502 3684234166280655407 n.jpg
|founder=Skirit
|coops=skirit, krey
|status=active
|tags=hw
|shortdesc=
|created=2022
}}

DescriptionCost:hgbxfh

Material:

G code:
=== Gallery: ===
<gallery mode="slideshow">
File:641378466 1341178588052502 3684234166280655407 n.jpg
File:643780689 1341178651385829 2896998308626909146 n.jpg
File:640817616 1341178701385824 4027835777262540953 n.jpg
File:641267395 1341178764719151 308047410247638726 n.jpg
</gallery>

PlotBot

2026-06-11T10:19:23Z

Klubko: /* Control Board */

{{Project
|name=Base48 PlotBot
|image=Turtle-bots.jpg
|founder=niklasroy.com/robotfactory
|coops=lubko, vanicka
|status=active
|tags=hw
|shortdesc=Whiteboard drawing bot
|created=2025-25-09
}}

== What is this ==
A whiteboard drawing bot project. We didn't design the thing, but we built a couple of robots. Along the way, we made modifications and learned a lot.

Among things we learned is that it's a perfect project to get start with robotics.

Here's where it comes from:

https://hackaday.com/2025/09/02/this-plotter-knows-no-boundaries/

https://www.niklasroy.com/robotfactory/

The above link actually contains everything needed to get the bot going. Below are adjustments for parts we had.

== Our modifications ==
Our FreeCAD model is here: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/tiny_turtle_plotter_CAD.FCStd tiny_turtle_plotter_CAD.FCStd]

Modified parts typically have "new" in their name. Sorry if it's messy. First time FreeCAD.

<gallery>
File:555688595 1215584740611888 2776984424721907890 n.jpg|3D-printed parts for original build
File:Turtle-endstop.jpg|Different endstop microswitch
File:Turtle-switch-ball.jpg|Different size roller and endstop
File:Turtle-ball.jpg|Roller ball
File:Drawbot-ball2.jpg|Roller ball
File:Turtle-wheels.jpg|Wheels and tyres
File:Turtle-wheels1.jpg|Wheels
File:Turtle-carriage.jpg|Wheel carriage
File:Turtle-steppers.jpg|Stepper motors
File:Turtle-pen-lifter.jpg|Hacked pen lifter
</gallery>

=== Endstops ===
The microswitches come in different shapes and forms. We added extra prongs to the bumper ring to engage with wider range of microswitches.

=== Roller ball ===
We used a larger furniture ball, which in turn means we had to make room in the parts in two lowest layer and make the wheels larger.

=== Wheels ===
The wheels were too small, possibly because our roller ball was bigger. They were also rubbing against layers 1 and 2, and appeared to be made for 5mm shaft in the stepper (our had 6mm). This has, of course, thrown off the geometry. a little.

We also had different size tyres.

=== Power banks ===
Ones we had didn't fit. We adjusted the layers 1 and made different versions of the upper ring to hold them in place.

=== Pen lifter ===
One robot is equipped with a more precise pen lifter that utilizes linear motion bearings (LM8) on 8mm rods.

== Control Board ==
[[File:Turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.png|thumb|Traces can be drawn on copper laminate (cuprexit) with toner transfer technique and chemically etched. Negative printout for PCB etching: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/artifacts/turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.pdf turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.pdf]]]
We've drawn a PCB that can be sent to a manufacturing house, but is also optimized for chemical or CNC etching!

Schematic: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/artifacts/turtle-bot-v3-schematic.pdf turtle-bot-v3-schematic.pdf]

Fabrication notes: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/artifacts/turtle-bot-v3-pcb-fab-notes.pdf turtle-bot-v3-pcb-fab-notes.pdf]

Negative printout for PCB etching: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/artifacts/turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.pdf turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.pdf]

<gallery>
File:630198759 1327012059469155 4819732943989781073 n.jpg|Cutting copper boards
File:631316442 1327012126135815 8139523202493073450 n.jpg|Chilling in a pool after toner transfer
File:640173458 1339273461576348 8523389435759424901 n.jpg|Toner transfer done, paper peeled off
File:633395964 1327012302802464 3349586654434092500 n.jpg|Copper etching
File:640446084 1339273764909651 2435820910506464661 n.jpg|Board fully etched
File:640928983 1339273704909657 7028863716144500154 n.jpg|Posing for a picture
File:Turtle-front.jpg|Perfboards are a no-hassle option
File:Turtle-pcb1.jpg|Back side of a perfboard
</gallery>

== Software ==
Arduino code: https://github.com/vranicka/PlotBot

== Shopping list ==

=== CY-8H roller ball ===

* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-CY%2525252d8H-10-pcs.html?spm=a2g0o.detail.search.0

=== Threaded rod ===

* https://www.hornbach.cz/p/zavitova-tyc-a2-m4-1m-nerez/12178521/

=== M4 nuts ===

* https://www.hornbach.cz/p/matice-presna-m4-sestihranna-nerez-a2-30ks/8718280/

=== Stepper ===

* https://www.gme.cz/v/1500758/md775047-dc-motor-krokovy-5v
* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-stepper-5v.html?spm=a2g0o.detail.search.0

=== Arduino Nano ===

* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-arduino-nano.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.search.0
* https://www.gme.cz/v/1514835/usb-c-klon-arduino-nano

=== OD23xCS2.5 Rubber O-Ring ===

* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-OD-23-CS-2.5-rubber-o%2525252dring.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.search.0

=== Micro switch with 20mm-35mm lever ===

* https://www.gme.cz/v/1496684/zippy-sm-05s-07a0-z-mikrospinac
* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-limit-micro-switch.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.search.0

=== ULN2803 motor driver ===

* https://www.gme.cz/v/1519030/taejin-htc-korea-uln2803an-darlingtonuv-proudovy-budic
* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-uln2803-dip.html?spm=a2g0o.home.search.0

== More pictures ==
omg somebody please take a picture of it drawing and writing<gallery>
File:20260119 145224.jpg|Robot coming alive
File:555534763 1215584797278549 3519708831245411009 n.jpg|Robot skeleton
File:PlotBot.jpg|In action
</gallery>

PlotBot

2026-06-11T10:18:32Z

Klubko: /* Shopping list */

{{Project
|name=Base48 PlotBot
|image=Turtle-bots.jpg
|founder=niklasroy.com/robotfactory
|coops=lubko, vanicka
|status=active
|tags=hw
|shortdesc=Whiteboard drawing bot
|created=2025-25-09
}}

== What is this ==
A whiteboard drawing bot project. We didn't design the thing, but we built a couple of robots. Along the way, we made modifications and learned a lot.

Among things we learned is that it's a perfect project to get start with robotics.

Here's where it comes from:

https://hackaday.com/2025/09/02/this-plotter-knows-no-boundaries/

https://www.niklasroy.com/robotfactory/

The above link actually contains everything needed to get the bot going. Below are adjustments for parts we had.

== Our modifications ==
Our FreeCAD model is here: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/tiny_turtle_plotter_CAD.FCStd tiny_turtle_plotter_CAD.FCStd]

Modified parts typically have "new" in their name. Sorry if it's messy. First time FreeCAD.

<gallery>
File:555688595 1215584740611888 2776984424721907890 n.jpg|3D-printed parts for original build
File:Turtle-endstop.jpg|Different endstop microswitch
File:Turtle-switch-ball.jpg|Different size roller and endstop
File:Turtle-ball.jpg|Roller ball
File:Drawbot-ball2.jpg|Roller ball
File:Turtle-wheels.jpg|Wheels and tyres
File:Turtle-wheels1.jpg|Wheels
File:Turtle-carriage.jpg|Wheel carriage
File:Turtle-steppers.jpg|Stepper motors
File:Turtle-pen-lifter.jpg|Hacked pen lifter
</gallery>

=== Endstops ===
The microswitches come in different shapes and forms. We added extra prongs to the bumper ring to engage with wider range of microswitches.

=== Roller ball ===
We used a larger furniture ball, which in turn means we had to make room in the parts in two lowest layer and make the wheels larger.

=== Wheels ===
The wheels were too small, possibly because our roller ball was bigger. They were also rubbing against layers 1 and 2, and appeared to be made for 5mm shaft in the stepper (our had 6mm). This has, of course, thrown off the geometry. a little.

We also had different size tyres.

=== Power banks ===
Ones we had didn't fit. We adjusted the layers 1 and made different versions of the upper ring to hold them in place.

=== Pen lifter ===
One robot is equipped with a more precise pen lifter that utilizes linear motion bearings (LM8) on 8mm rods.

== Control Board ==
[[File:Turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.png|thumb|Traces can be drawn on copper laminate (cuprexit) with toner transfer technique and chemically etched. Negative printout for PCB etching: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/artifacts/turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.pdf turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.pdf]]]
We've drawn a PCB that can be sent to a manufacturing house, but is also optimized for chemical or CNC etching!

Schematic: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/artifacts/turtle-bot-v3-schematic.pdf turtle-bot-v3-schematic.pdf]

Fabrication notes: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/artifacts/turtle-bot-v3-pcb-fab-notes.pdf turtle-bot-v3-pcb-fab-notes.pdf]

Negative printout for PCB etching: [https://codeberg.org/lubko/turtle-robot/src/branch/main/artifacts/turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.pdf turtle-bot-v3-pcb-back-etch.pdf]

<gallery>
File:630198759 1327012059469155 4819732943989781073 n.jpg|Cutting copper boards
File:631316442 1327012126135815 8139523202493073450 n.jpg|Chilling in a pool after toner transfer
File:640173458 1339273461576348 8523389435759424901 n.jpg|Toner transferred
File:633395964 1327012302802464 3349586654434092500 n.jpg|Copper etching
File:640446084 1339273764909651 2435820910506464661 n.jpg|Board fully etched
File:640928983 1339273704909657 7028863716144500154 n.jpg|Posing for a picture
File:Turtle-front.jpg|Perfboards are a no-hassle option
File:Turtle-pcb1.jpg|Back side of a perfboard
</gallery>

== Software ==
Arduino code: https://github.com/vranicka/PlotBot

== Shopping list ==

=== CY-8H roller ball ===

* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-CY%2525252d8H-10-pcs.html?spm=a2g0o.detail.search.0

=== Threaded rod ===

* https://www.hornbach.cz/p/zavitova-tyc-a2-m4-1m-nerez/12178521/

=== M4 nuts ===

* https://www.hornbach.cz/p/matice-presna-m4-sestihranna-nerez-a2-30ks/8718280/

=== Stepper ===

* https://www.gme.cz/v/1500758/md775047-dc-motor-krokovy-5v
* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-stepper-5v.html?spm=a2g0o.detail.search.0

=== Arduino Nano ===

* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-arduino-nano.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.search.0
* https://www.gme.cz/v/1514835/usb-c-klon-arduino-nano

=== OD23xCS2.5 Rubber O-Ring ===

* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-OD-23-CS-2.5-rubber-o%2525252dring.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.search.0

=== Micro switch with 20mm-35mm lever ===

* https://www.gme.cz/v/1496684/zippy-sm-05s-07a0-z-mikrospinac
* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-limit-micro-switch.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.search.0

=== ULN2803 motor driver ===

* https://www.gme.cz/v/1519030/taejin-htc-korea-uln2803an-darlingtonuv-proudovy-budic
* https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-uln2803-dip.html?spm=a2g0o.home.search.0

== More pictures ==
omg somebody please take a picture of it drawing and writing<gallery>
File:20260119 145224.jpg|Robot coming alive
File:555534763 1215584797278549 3519708831245411009 n.jpg|Robot skeleton
File:PlotBot.jpg|In action
</gallery>